From brian at gweep.ca Fri Jul 2 11:30:43 2004 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:14:05 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Ralstonia solanacearum, potato - Slovakia: 1st report Message-ID: <37hdsqco5f.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM, POTATO - SLOVAKIA: 1ST REPORT ********************************* A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 26 Jun 2004 From: ProMED-mail Source: EPPO Reporting Service 2004, No. 01 [edited] 2004/004 -- 1st report of _Ralstonia solanacearum_ in Slovakia The NPPO of Slovakia recently reported the 1st findings of _Ralstonia solanacearum_ [Rs] EPPO A2 list) on plants of _Solanum tuberosum_on its territory. All necessary measures have been taken to prevent spread and to eradicate the bacterium. The findings are located in 5 contiguous cadastral territories: Turen, Senec, Kralova pri Senci, Novy Svet (all of them in the district of Senec) Puste Ulany (district of Galanta), and at another cadastral territory (Radvan nad Dunajom) in the district of Komarno. These findings were confirmed by IF, PCR and RFLP tests. The source of infected potatoes is currently being investigated. It is assumed that the original seed potatoes (cvs. Agria, Impala, Provento, Amorosa and Red Scarlet) were imported from EU member states. The situation of Rs in Slovakia can be described as follows: 1st reported in 2004, in 6 localities in the districts of Senec, Galanta and Komarno, under eradication. Source: NPPO of Slovakia, 2004-01. ------------------------------ ProMED-mail [The host range of Rs is very wide. There are several races and biovars of Rs, of which race 3 (biovar 2A) is of most concern to plant pathologists. Most Rs races are adapted to warmer regions, but race 3 (biovar 2A), while not known to be present in Canada or the United States, has appeared in the more temperate regions of Europe, primarily on potato and tomato as well as on some weed species which would serve as inoculum sources. Bacterial wilt of potato has been estimated to affect about 3.75 million acres in around 80 countries, with global damage estimates currently exceeding $950 million per annum Consequently, race 3 (biovar 2A) is listed as a quarantine pest in Canada, Europe and the United States. Of major significance is that race 3 infects also geranium (_Pelargonium_ spp.), and infected plants have entered the flower trade. Disease management requires regular disinfection of all hand implements, use of disinfectant foot baths at entry points to each production glasshouse, washing of hands, wear newly laundered clothing daily, destroy weeds that are potential hosts of Rs in and around glasshouses, and use effective disinfectants such as quaternary ammonia, peroxygen compounds and bleach. Useful references: - Mod.DH] [see also: Ralstonia solanacearum, survey - United Kingdom 20040110.0109 2003 ---- Clavibacter sp., Ralstonia sp., potato - Germany 20030814.2020 2002 ---- Clavibacter and Ralstonia spp., potato - Germany 20021016.5561 Bacterial wilt, ring rot, potato - Estonia 20020723.4841 Bacterial wilt, potato - Canada (PEI) 20021215.6074 2001 ---- Clavibacter & ralstonia species, potato - Estonia 20011124.2882 Bacterial wilt, potato - Slovenia 20010925.2336 2000 ---- Clavibacter & Ralstonia in water: chemical control 20000521.0804 Potato wilt, bacterial (brown rot) - Belgium 20000520.0791 1999 ---- Bacterial wilt, potato - Egypt: EU import ban 19990722.1236 Ralstonia potato wilt, prevention - France 19990820.1441] ................................dh/pg/mpp *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-promed@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Fri Jul 2 11:30:53 2004 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:14:05 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Bacterial ring rot, potato - Slovakia Message-ID: <37d63eco55.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> BACTERIAL RING ROT, POTATO - SLOVAKIA ************************************* A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 27 Jun 2004 From: ProMED-mail Source: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) Reporting Service 2004, No. 01 [edited] 2004/003 1st report of _Clavibacter michiganensis_ subsp. _sepedonicus_ in Slovakia -------------------------------------------------- The Slovakian National Plant Protection Organisation (NPPO) recently reported the first findings of _Clavibacter michiganensis_ subsp. _sepedonicus_ [Cms] (EPPO A2 list) on plants of _Solanum tuberosum_ in its territory. All necessary measures have been taken to prevent the spread of, and to eradicate, the bacterium. The findings involved the cadastral territory of Svodov (district of Levice) and Trstene pri Hornade (district of Kosicevidiek). The finding in Svodov was confirmed by IF, PCR, and RFLP testing. In Trstene pri Hornade, Cms was confirmed by immunofluorescence, polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and bioassay, and was also retested by IF and plating on growing media. The source of the infection is currently being investigated, and it is assumed that the original potato seeds (cvs. Velox and Solara) were imported from EU member states. The situation involving Cms in Slovakia can be described as follows: 1st reported in 2004 in 2 localities in the districts of Levice and Kosice-vidiek, it is under eradication measures. Source: NPPO of Slovakia, 2004-01 ------------------------------ ProMED-mail [Contrary to the title of this piece, this report appears to be the second instance of Cms infection in potato in Slovakia, the first being reported in 2002. Ring rot is a very destructive disease, which adversely affects tuber quality. The disease is especially damaging to seed producers since disease-free seed is the foundation of any seed potato production program. Disease management depends upon zero tolerance of the pathogen and application of very strict phytosanitary measures to maintain freedom from contamination. Quaternary ammonia, bleach, chlorine dioxide, iodine, and phenol groups are useful disinfectants. Cms can remain latent in tubers, so adequate laboratory testing of seed lots is required. Damage is caused by destruction of vascular tissues and subsequent wilting and dying of plants and secondary rotting of tubers. Crop losses have been mainly reported from North America (up to 50 per cent) and from Russia (15 to 30 per cent of plants infected, up to 47 per cent crop loss). Where ring rot occurs in the EPPO region, the disease appears more sporadically and at low levels of infection. The low disease occurrence in this area is due to the fact that cutting of potato seed, and use of pricker-type planters, is uncommon in Europe. When tubers are cut, however, higher levels may also occur (up to 30 per cent crop loss in France). Economic losses are due to wilt and tuber rotting in the field and in storage. Indirectly, expenses related to the disinfection of sacks, machinery, stores etc., prohibition of potato cultivation, and restriction, or prohibition, of export trade may increase economic loss. Useful references: - Mod.DH] [see also: 2003 --- Quarantine pests, surveys - Latvia: 2000 20031219.3093 2002 --- Bacterial pathogens, potato - Slovakia 20020724.4852 Bacterial wilt, ring rot, potato - Estonia 20020723.4841 1999 --- Clavibacter, potatoes - Lithuania 19990927.1731] ..............................dh/msp/sh *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-promed@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Fri Jul 2 11:31:15 2004 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:14:05 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Potato spindle tuber viroid, tomato - Germany Message-ID: <374qoqco4j.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> POTATO SPINDLE TUBER VIROID, TOMATO - GERMANY ********************************************* A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 29 Jun 2004 From: ProMED-mail Source: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) Reporting Service 2004, No. 01 [edited] 2004/006 Occurrence of potato spindle tuber pospiviroid (PSTVd) in tomato plants in Germany ------------------------------------------------------- The National Plant Protection Organisation (NPPO) of Germany recently informed the EPPO Secretariat of the first occurrence of potato spindle tuber pospiviroid (PSTVd - EPPO A2 list) in Germany (Nordrhein-Westfalen). A group of about 15 tomato plants, within a stand of about 1.25 hectares, showed typical symptoms, such as growth depression and leaf discoloration starting from the edge. The disease was identified as PSTVd by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Measures were taken to eradicate the disease. It is assumed that the disease was introduced in imports of infected tomato transplants. The declared status of PSTVd in Germany is: Single occurrence, eradicated. Source: NPPO of Germany, 2004-01. ------------------------------ ProMED-mail [In tomatoes, PSTVd symptoms develop slowly, often not becoming apparent until 4 or 5 weeks after infection. Infected plants become stunted and show "bunchy top" symptoms (crowded foliage, due to shortening of internodes, and occasional formation of spindly shoots). Leaf symptoms include yellowing and purpling as well as considerable leaf distortion including downward curling of the leaflets (epinasty), curling, and twisting (rugosity). Severe necrosis along the veins develops later in the lower and middle leaves, which eventually die. Younger leaves at the top of the plant remain but are reduced in size. Flowers are often aborted, and fruit ripening is erratic. Fruits becomes small and hard and can turn dark green. Overall yields can be significantly reduced. Disease management basically depends on planting viroid-free transplants. Once PSTVd has been introduced onto a farm or nursery, it can be rapidly spread from plant to plant through the use of contaminated cutting tools and/or machinery, by handling, or simply by direct plant to plant contact. PSTVd can also be transmitted via infected pollen. To prevent the spread within growers' fields, good hygienic practices are necessary to prevent contact with potentially infected plants, and, to avoid subsequent spread of the viroid. Contaminated benches, tools, etc. should be disinfected. 2--3 per cent hypochlorite has been shown to be effective. A useful reference: - Mod.DH] [see also: Potato spindle tuber viroid, tomato - United Kingdom 20040117.0179 2003 --- Potato spindle tuber viroid, tomato - United Kingdom 20030909.2268 Potato spindle tuber viroid, eradication - France 20030814.2021 Potato spindle tuber viroid - Canada: eradication 20030806.1928 Potato spindle tuber, tomato - Australia: eradication 20030804.1913 Potato spindle tuber, tomato - Australia (NSW) (02) 20030620.1516 Potato spindle tuber, tomato - Australia (NSW) 20030618.1506 2002 --- Potato spindle tuber viroid, potato - France 20021011.5520 2001 --- Potato spindle tuber viroid, tomatos - Australia 20010622.1186 Potato spindle tuber viroid - New Zealand 20010314.0514 2000 --- Plant quarantine pests - Germany: 1998 20001015.1761 Potato spindle tuber viroid - Costa Rica 20000221.0236] .......................dh/msp/sh *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-promed@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Fri Jul 2 11:31:03 2004 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:14:05 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Stolbur phytoplasma, potato - Austria: lst report Message-ID: <378ye2co4v.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> STOLBUR PHYTOPLASMA, POTATO - AUSTRIA: 1ST REPORT ************************************************* A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 28 Jun 2004 From: ProMED-mail Source: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) Reporting Service 2004, No. 01 [edited] 2004/005 1st finding of Stolbur phytoplasma in Austria ------------------------------------------------------ The National Plant Protection Organisation (NPPO) of Austria recently notified the EPPO Secretariat of the first finding of Stolbur phytoplasma (EPPO A2 list) on ware potatoes (_Solanum tuberosum_). The disease was detected by a farmer in the district of Neunkirchen (Niederosterreich), and the local plant protection service in Niederosterreich was notified. The occurrence of the pathogen was confirmed officially. The local plant protection service ordered that the potatoes from the infested field be marketed for consumption only and not for planting. The field will be inspected officially in the current season (summer 2004), and volunteer plants will be destroyed. The source of this infection is unknown. The declared status of Stolbur phytoplasma in Austria is: present, first found in 2003, only in one farm in Niederosterreich, under observation. Source: NPPO of Austria, 2004-01. ------------------------------ ProMED-mail [Phytoplasma-induced diseases are an increasingly common factor in production of major food crops. Disease management basically depends upon planting certified seed in areas free of phytoplasmas or, in the case of areas infested with infected weeds and leafhoppers, use of chemical insecticides to reduce vector populations. Stolbur disease incidence in potato can be high, leading to significant crop loss, but the disease tends not to persist in stocks. Development of resistance to phytoplasmas may offer a measure of control. - Mod.DH] [see also: Potato purple top disease - USA (WA, OR) 20040415.1041 2000 --- Potato stolbur phytoplasma - Poland: EPPO report 20001127.2063] ......................dh/msp/sh *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-promed@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Fri Jul 2 11:32:31 2004 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:14:05 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Regulated plant pests, detection Jan 2004: EPPO Message-ID: <37vfh6b9i0.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> REGULATED PLANT PESTS, DETECTION JAN 2004: EPPO *********************************************** A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 30 Jun 2004 From: ProMED-mail Source: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) Reporting Service 2004, No. 01 [edited] 2004/018 EPPO report on notifications of non-compliance (detection of regulated pests) ------------------------------------------------------- The EPPO Secretariat has gathered the notifications of non-compliance for 2003, received since the previous report (EPPO RS 2003/175), from the following countries: Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Guernsey, Italy, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. When a consignment has been re-exported, and the country of origin is unknown, the re-exporting country is indicated in brackets. When the occurrence of a pest in a given country is not known to the EPPO Secretariat, this is indicated by an asterisk (*). The EPPO Secretariat has selected notifications of non-compliance made because of the detection of regulated pests. Other notifications of non-compliance due to prohibited commodities, and missing or invalid certificates are not indicated. It must be pointed out that the report is only partial, as many EPPO countries have not yet sent their notifications. Note: In EPPO RS 2003/124, the interception of Apple proliferation phytoplasma on Malus was done by Germany on plants originating from France (and not the opposite, as stated in the table). Pest / Consignment / Type of commodity / Country origin / C. destination / number Bacterial pathogens: _Clavibacter michiganensis_ [Cm] / _Solanum tuberosum_ / seed potatoes / Belarus / Poland / 1 Cm subsp. _sepedonicus_ / _Sol. tuberosum_ / ware potatoes / Germany / Czech Rep. / 1 _Ralstonia solanacearum_ / _Sol. tuberosum_ / ware potatoes / Bangladesh / UK / 1 _Xanthomonas axonopodis_ pv. _phaseoli_ / _Phaseolus vulgaris_ / seeds / Poland / Germany / 1 Nematode pathogens: _Rotylenchus_ / _Pratylenchus_ / _Ditylenchus_ / machinery, soil / Norway / UK / 1 Viral pathogens: Citrus tristeza closterovirus / citrus / plants for planting / Italy / Malta / 4 Pepino mosaic potexvirus [PepMV] / _Lycopersicon esculentum_ / seeds / China* / France / 1 PepMV / _Lycopersicon esculentum_ / vegetables / Spain / UK / 4 PepMV / _Lycopersicon esculentum_ / vegetables / Spain (Canary Isl) / Guernsey / 1 PepMV / _Lycopersicon esculentum_ / vegetables / Spain (Canary Isl) / UK / 5 Source: EPPO Secretariat, 2004-01. ------------------------------ ProMED-mail [Pepino mosaic potexvirus (PepMV) was detected in a shipment of tomato seeds originating from China. PepMV is extremely contagious, and infectious virus is present on seed surfaces, in seed pulp, and in wash water from infected seeds. Transmission through seed is considered unlikely. As a precaution, tomato seed in commercial production is treated with acid under controlled conditions to eradicate any virions on the seed surface. - Mod.DH] .............................dh/msp/sh *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-promed@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Fri Jul 2 11:32:20 2004 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:14:05 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Watermelon disease, cause unknown - USA (FL) Message-ID: <37zn6ib9ia.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> WATERMELON DISEASE, CAUSE UNKNOWN - USA (FLORIDA) ************************************************* A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 29 Jun 2004 From: ProMED-mail Source: NBC2 news 9 Jun 2004 accessed 11 Jun 2004 [edited] Mysterious disease killing watermelon crop ------------------------------------------ Florida is the second largest producer of watermelons in the United States but, this year, south west Florida farmers are battling what scientists are calling a mysterious disease, which could cost growers up to USD 50 million this season. Dr Patty Roberts says the unknown disease is wiping out watermelon crops across the state. Roberts, a researcher from the Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, has no idea how it arrived. She and her partners were trying to conduct an unrelated experiment when their own crop was infected. Many Immokalee growers may be forced out of business. According to Roberts, some affected fields are losing 100 per cent of their production. With few clues to go on, scientists say it's very likely this situation will get worse. Consumers can identify an infected melon by examining the rind. Healthy watermelons have a nice, white rind on the inside, but infected ones are yellow. [byline: Jessica Ritter] ------------------------------ ProMED-mail [There are a number of vine-decline diseases of cucurbits. According to Roberts, the disease in Florida is of unknown etiology, and it has been named mature vine decline and fruit rind necrosis. Further research is required to determine the etiology of the disease. Useful references: - Mod.DH] [see also: 2003 --- Cucurbit yellow vine disease - USA: etiology 20030731.1878 2002 --- Cucurbit yellow vine disease, etiology - USA 20020704.4670 2000 --- Vine decline, watermelon - USA (Indiana) 20000901.1475] .......................mpp/dh/msp/sh *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-promed@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Mon Jul 5 14:29:02 2004 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:14:05 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Pepino mosaic virus, tomato - Slovakia: 1st report Message-ID: <37n02exkom.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> PEPINO MOSAIC VIRUS, TOMATO - SLOVAKIA: 1ST REPORT ************************************************** A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 2 Jul 2004 From: ProMED-mail Source: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) Reporting Service 2004, No. 01 [edited] 2004/008 First finding of Pepino mosaic potexvirus in Slovakia -------------------------------------------------------------- Following a survey in 2003, the National Plant Protection Organisation (NPPO) of Slovakia recently recorded the first finding of Pepino mosaic potexvirus [PepMV] (EPPO Alert List) on tomatoes (_Lycopersicon esculentum_). Commercial tomato production sites in fields, plants under protected conditions as well as imported plants were inspected. 58 inspections of 19 487 tomato plants (grown on 47.5 ha) were made. 13 samples (corresponding to 26 plants) were collected and tested by DAS ELISA in a diagnostic laboratory. Only 1 sample was found positive. The sample came from a plastic house in a leisure garden at Liptovsky Mikulas. All plants in this plastic house (grown on 7 square metres) were immediately destroyed. The situation of PepMV in Slovakia can be described as follows: 1st reported in 2003, tomato plants grown in a small and non-commercial plastic house at Liptovsky Mikulas, under eradication. Source: NPPO of Slovakia, 2004-02. ------------------------------ ProMED-mail [Fortunately only 1 of 13 samples was infected. Given that PepMV is extremely infectious, quick action on the part of quarantine officials stopped what might have been an outbreak. Continued vigilance is required to prevent spread of PepMV. - Mod.DH] [see also: 2003 --- Pepino mosaic virus - EPPO countries 20031222.3112 Pepino mosaic virus, tomato, new strain - Europe 20030905.2226 Pepino mosaic virus, tomato - Germany (Sachsen) 20030218.0418 2001 --- Pepino mosaic potexvirus, natural hosts - Spain 20011231.3141 Pepino mosaic potexvirus, tomato - Spain 20011231.3140 Pepino mosaic potexvirus, tomato - Germany 20011207.2970 Pepino mosaic virus, tomato - North America 20011016.2539 Pepino mosaic virus, tomato - Finland 20010916.2240 Pepino mosaic potexvirus, tomato - Italy 20010519.0979 Pepino mosaic potexvirus, tomato survey - EU 20010517.0958 2000 --- Pepino mosaic potexvirus, tomatoes - Spain 20001013.1750 Pepino mosaic virus, tomato - Netherlands 20000622.1023 Pepino mosaic potexvirus - France (Guipavas) 20000505.0687 Pepino mosaic potexvirus: added to EPPO alert list 20000208.0180] .....................dh/pg/sh *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-promed@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Wed Jul 7 12:37:58 2004 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:14:05 2005 Subject: APS Press Release: Plant Pathologists Look to Forensics to Aid in Biosecurity Message-ID: <37r7rnr7cs.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> PRESS RELEASE For immediate release Contact: Amy Steigman American Phytopathological Society Phone: +1.651.454.7250 Web: http://www.apsnet.org/meetings/2004/media.htm E-mail: mailto:asteigman@scisoc.org Plant Pathologists Look to Forensics to Aid in Biosecurity St. Paul, MN (July 7, 2004) - In an effort to protect the nation's crops from possible bioterrorism, plant pathologists are exploring how to apply techniques typically used in crime labs as a tool to fight bioterrorism. According to Jacqueline Fletcher, plant pathology professor, Oklahoma State University, the potential for microbes to be used with an intent to harm people, societies, or the environment has generated renewed interest in the application of forensic science to assist in precise identification of microbes and their origin. "If a plant disease agent were used for bioterrorism, we would like to trace it to its source. This could help us prevent it from happening again," said Fletcher. The usual goal of a plant pathologist, which is to effectively manage a disease outbreak, requires identification of a disease agent (pathogen) that is accurate to species or strain. Species-level identification is important in order to understand the disease's epidemiology. Forensic applications, however, require an even higher level of detail and discrimination. "If the goal is to attribute the crime to a specific perpetrator, data must be sufficiently specific to stand up in a court of law," said Fletcher. New research is needed to expand knowledge on the genetics, evolution, biology, and host reactions of key microbes. "Guidelines for sample collection and attention to non-pathogen contaminants, such as spores or other microorganisms in the samples, are necessary. Research guidelines and policies also ought to be designed to allow legitimate investigators to pursue research without unnecessary intrusion," Fletcher said. More on how forensics can be applied to plant health and crop security will be presented during the Microbial Forensics: Plant Pathogen Models symposium at the APS Annual Meeting in Anaheim, Calif., July 31 - August 4, 2004. The symposium will explore the principles of microbial forensics as they may apply to specific models of plant pathogens and the plant diseases they cause. This symposium will be held Sunday, August 1, 2004 from 1 to 5 p.m. at the Anaheim Convention Center, Anaheim, Calif. Members of the media are invited to attend annual meeting events. Complimentary registration is available. The American Phytopathological Society (APS) is a non-profit, professional scientific organization dedicated to the study and management of plant diseases, with 5,000 members worldwide. From roopa_rcs at yahoo.com Wed Jul 7 12:38:41 2004 From: roopa_rcs at yahoo.com (Roopa) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:14:05 2005 Subject: tomato protoplast transfection---urgent Message-ID: <2efd7c79.0407052002.39c39823@posting.google.com> Hello colleagues I'm a PhD student in plant molecular biology. I'm trying to do an assay where i need to electroporate tomato protoplasts and also test for reporter gene activity. I am really running out of time and i need some immediate help I'm able to get the protoplasts from both leaves and suspension cells , but i am not able to keep them alive after electroporation. I'm using ECM 830 (BTX) electroporator. I need some information regarding the electroporation conditions for tomato protoplasts using this machine and also GUS reporter gene assay and anyother information that would keep my protoplasts alive and uptake the DNA. Any help in this regard will be very much appreciated. Thank you in advance From brian at gweep.ca Wed Jul 7 12:40:00 2004 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:14:05 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Pepino mosaic virus, tomato - Bulgaria: 1st report Message-ID: <37eknnr79e.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> PEPINO MOSAIC VIRUS, TOMATO - BULGARIA: 1ST REPORT ************************************************** A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 5 Jul 2004 From: ProMED-mail Source: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) Reporting Service 2004, No. 5 [edited] 2004/076 1st report of Pepino mosaic potexvirus in Bulgaria ----------------------------------------------------------- Since 2003, protected crops have been surveyed for Pepino mosaic potexvirus [PepMV] (EPPO Alert List). In 2003, 267 tomato samples were collected and tested. All results were negative. But beginning in 2004, 88 tomato samples presenting leaf distortion and mosaic were sent to the Central Laboratory of Plant Quarantine and tested by DAS-ELISA (double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). PepMV was detected in 14 samples. These infected plants had been grown from seeds (cv. Monroe) imported from the Netherlands, and further testing on tomato seeds was also positive for PepMV. The affected glasshouse was declared a quarantine area and the NPPO took strict eradication measures. The situation of PepMV in Bulgaria can be described as follows: Present, found in 1 tomato glasshouse in 2004, under eradication. Source: National Plant Protection Organisation (NPPO) of BG, 2004-05. ------------------------------ ProMED-mail [PepMV, a highly infectious virus, is widely dispersed in European tomato crops. Disease management in tomato depends upon planting of virus-free tomato transplants and strict adherence to established phytosanitary practices. The list of countries reporting PepMV infections is increasing, and I have included only the 1st and most recent reports for your information. - Mod.DH] [see also: Pepino mosaic virus, tomato - Slovakia: 1st report 20040703.1778 2002 --- Pepino mosaic virus, wild plants - Peru 20020604.4394] ..........................dh/pg/sh *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-promed@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Wed Jul 7 12:40:06 2004 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:14:05 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Clavibacter, potato - Finland Message-ID: <37acybr797.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> CLAVIBACTER, POTATO - FINLAND ***************************** A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 5 Jul 2004 From: ProMED-mail Source: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) Reporting Service 2004, No. 3 [edited] 2004/044 _Clavibacter michiganensis_ subsp. _sepedonicus_ found in Finland --------------------------------------------------------- Potato ring rot caused by _Clavibacter michiganensis_ subsp. _sepedonicus_ [Cms] (EPPO A2 list) was found in Finland, between Oct 2003 and Feb 2004, on 4 farms producing ware (table) potatoes. The following potato lots were found infested: _Solanum tuberosum_, cv. Matilda (3 lots - 8.82 ha), Van Gogh (1 lot, 3.26 ha), Fambo (1 ha), Asterix and Van Gogh (1 lot, 0.31 ha) and Matilda (1 lot, 0.06 ha). These findings were made during investigations done to trace back infestations that had been found during market control. Investigations are continuing to identify farms that used the same seed potato clones that were found infected in the 4 farms concerned. Official phytosanitary measures are taken according to EU Directive 93/85/EEC and the Decision of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry 100/95. The situation of Cms in Finland can be described as follows: present, found on ware potatoes in a limited number of farms, under eradication. Source: National Plant Protection Organisation (NPPO) of Finland, 2004-03. ------------------------------ ProMED-mail [According to Antec International, a balanced, stabilised blend of peroxygen compounds, surfactant, organic acids, and an inorganic buffer system [Virkon-S] is recommended as a means of controlling Cms and _Ralstonia solanacearum_, [Rs] which cause bacterial ring rot [BRR] and potato brown rot [PBR], respectively. Sanitation, cleanliness, and disinfection are the keys to eradication of bacterial ring rot. If either pathogen is confirmed on a commercial farm, a thorough clean-up of storage and equipment must be carried out to reduce the chance of any bacteria remaining and causing contamination of incoming certified seed lots destined for the following year's potato crop. Access to seed storages and equipment by commercial growers and their trucks should be limited and controlled. Equipment should not be shared between commercial and seed farms, and all trucks from commercial potato farms should be cleaned and disinfected before they enter seed storages or seed handling areas. Because of the volume of references, I am citing only 2 references, one for potato wilt and the other for clavibacter. - Mod.DH] [Disclaimer: ProMED-mail has no financial interest in Virkon-S. - Mod.DH] [see also: 2000 --- Potato wilt, bacterial (brown rot) - Belgium 20000520.0791 1999 --- Clavibacter, potatoes - Lithuania 19990927.1731] ...........................dh/pg/sh *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-promed@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Thu Jul 8 16:19:06 2004 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:14:05 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Valsa sp., pear canker - Italy: 1st report in Europe Message-ID: <37oemqnnvt.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> VALSA SP., PEAR CANKER - ITALY: 1ST REPORT IN EUROPE **************************************************** A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 5 Jul 2004 From: ProMED-mail Source: European Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), Reporting Service, 2004 No. 3 [edited] 2004/052 new canker disease of pear in Italy: addition of _Valsa ceratosperma_ to the EPPO Alert List ----------------------------------------------- The NPPO of Italy informed the EPPO Secretariat of the presence of a new canker disease of pear in Emilia-Romagna caused by _Valsa ceratosperma_ [Vc] (Ascomycetes: _Diaporthales_). In 2001, this new canker disease was observed, on a limited number of 30-40 year-old pear trees, in 3 orchards in Emilia-Romagna (1 in the province of Modena, 2 in Ferrara). Laboratory analysis revealed the presence of Vc [anamorph _Cytospora vitis_ (=C. sacculus)]. In 2002 and 2003, the disease was observed on a larger number of trees in the provinces of Modena, Ferrara and Bologna. Vc was not only found on old trees, but also on young productive trees (from 8 years-old). In some orchards, cankers were observed on 70 percent of the trees. In these orchards, as heavy pruning was needed to contain the disease, crop losses were observed. Surveys have been conducted in nurseries on certified and CAC multiplication material, but, so far, Vc has not been found. According to the literature, this is the 1st report of Vc causing canker disease on pear in Italy and in Europe. Moreover, the EPPO Panel on Phytosanitary Measures suggested Vc should be added to the EPPO Alert List. The situation of Vc in Italy, according to the EPPO Reporting Service, can be described as follows: Present, found in Emilia-Romagna (provinces of Bologna, Ferrara and Modena) at low prevalence and subject to containment measures. _Valsa ceratosperma_ (a new canker disease of pear) Why: The presence of a new canker disease of pear caused by Vc was reported by Italy, and the EPPO Panel on Phytosanitary Measures concluded that this fungus should be added to the EPPO Alert List. Where: EPPO region: Italy (Emilia-Romagna). In Italy, containment measures have been taken to prevent any further spread. Asia: China, Japan and Korea. Note: The IMI description of Vc (no. 1366, 1998), gives a much broader distribution. However, the disease it causes on pear, apple, and quince has only been observed in the Asian countries mentioned above, and now in Italy. On which plants: _Cydonia oblonga_, _Malus domestica_, _Pyrus communis_. In Asia, Valsa canker is mainly reported on apple, and, occasionally, on pear and quince. In Italy, it was only found on pear. (cv. Abate Fetel was the most affected, but other cultivars -- William, Decana, Kaiser, Passecrassane, Morettini, General Leclerc -- were also found susceptible). Damage: The fungus causes elongated cankers on twigs, branches and trunks. Symptoms can easily be confused with other pathogens such as: _Nectria galligena-, _Sphaeropsis malorum_, _Phomopsis mali_, and _Erwinia amylovora_. When cankers develop, they can girdle twigs, branches, and even trunks, which then lead to desiccation and death of the distal part. Vc over-winters in infected wood and plant debris, and most new lesions appear in spring. The affected bark is swollen, water-soaked, and, in February, small dark pycnidia can be observed. In spring, under humid conditions, pycnidia release spores, which are responsible for new infection. The fungus penetrates through natural bark crevices and wounds (due to adverse climatic conditions or pruning). Ascospores are also formed in autumn/winter, but it seems that they only play a secondary role in disease spread. In the literature, it is mentioned that on apple, the disease may remain latent for 1 to 3 years. Dissemination: Within orchards, disease spread is ensured by the production of pycnidiospores in spring, and, to a lesser extent, by ascospores in autumn/winter. Over long distances, trade of plants, and, eventually, of wood can ensure dispersal of Vc. Pathway: Plants for planting, wood of _Cydonia_, _Malus_, and _Pyrus_ from countries where Vc occurs. Possible risks: Fruit crops such as pear, apple and quince are important for the EPPO region. Control of canker diseases is usually difficult in practice. Mechanical removal of cankers is a possibility, but data is currently lacking on chemical products which may be effective against Vc. In Italy, high incidence in affected orchards, and crop losses, have already been observed. Therefore, any further spread of this disease should be avoided. Source(s) Agricoltura, February 2003. Il "cancro da Valsa", nuova malattia del pero. Carla Montuschi, Servizio Fitosanitario, Regione Emilia-Romagna. Servizio Fitosanitario Emilia-Romagna Un nuovo agente di cancri rameali su pero Il "Cancro da Valsa", malattia accertata per la prima volta nella nostra regione nel 2001, e in corso di studio da parte del Servizio fitosanitario regionale. di Carla Montuschi, Servizio Fitosanitario, Regione Emilia-Romagna. Cancro da Valsa - Valsa ceratosperma (Tode:Fr. ) Maire (f. con. Cytospora vitis Mont.). IMI (1998) Descriptions of fungi and bacteria no.1366. Valsa ceratosperma. CABI, Wallingford, UK. NPPO of Italy, 2004-03. EPPO RS 2004/052 Panel review date - Entry date 2004-04. ------------------------------ ProMED-mail [Vc is the fungus that causes perennial canker in pear. Similar diseases are caused by species of _Cytospora_ and _Leucostoma_. The pathogens over-winter in active cankers, or, in dead wood, thus perpetuating their life cycle. A controlled integrated pest management program (IPM) is required to maintain fruit production. Disease management includes control of other pathogens, such as the brown rot pathogen (_Monilinia fructicola_), and other pests such as insects, tree-borers, and rodents that cause injury to tree limbs. Eradication of the pathogen is one strategy, but it is effective only if affected limbs below the cankered area are removed and burned, especially in younger orchards. Reference: - Mod.DH] .......................................dh/msp/lm *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-promed@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Mon Jul 12 08:48:51 2004 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:14:05 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Quarantine pests, 2003 - Lithuania Message-ID: <377jt9gu27.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> QUARANTINE PESTS, 2003 - LITHUANIA ************************************ A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 7 Jul 2004 From: ProMED-mail Source: European Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), Reporting Service 2004, No. 05 [edited] 2004/078 Situation of several quarantine pests in Lithuania in 2003 ----------------------------------------------- National surveys were done in Lithuania for the presence of several quarantine pests. The results for 2003 are presented below. Results of earlier surveys (2000, 2002) were presented in EPPO RS 2000/136 and 2003/050, respectively. _Clavibacter michiganensis_ subsp. _michiganensis_ [Cmm_] (EPPO A2 list). Cmm was discovered in 1 glasshouse of tomatoes. Infected plants were destroyed, and those remaining in the glasshouse were placed under observation. Present, found in 1 glasshouse of tomatoes, under eradication. _Clavibacter michiganensis_ subsp. _sepedonicus_ [Cms] (EPPO A2 list). Cms was detected in seed potatoes in 1 farm (20 tons). It was also detected on ware potatoes grown on 3 farms which also produced seed potatoes (131 tons) and on 21 farms which only grew ware (table) potatoes (726.5 tons). All infected potatoes were used for food and fodder. Present, found in a few areas (25 outbreaks), under official control. _Ditylenchus destructor_ (EU Annexes). 3 outbreaks were identified in seed potato-growing farms. Present, found in a few areas (3 outbreaks), under official control. _Globodera rostochiensis_ (EPPO A2 list). Soil samples were analyzed, and, as a result, 69 outbreaks were detected over 408.545 ha. On 307.851 ha., there had been plans to grow potatoes, and on the rest (100.694 ha), the land was dedicated to nurseries, ornamental seedlings, and propagation material for flower production. No potatoes, or any other propagative material, are permitted to be grown on infested land. Present, found in some areas (69 outbreaks), under official control. Source: NPPO of Lithuania, 2004-05-11 ------------------------------ ProMED-mail [The data sheets on quarantine pests for Bacterial canker of tomato, and Bacterial ring rot of potato, are listed below. They are an excellent reference. Information about _Ditylenchus destructor_ (Potato tuber nematode, potato rot nematode) and _Globodera rostochiensis_ (Potato cyst nematode) are given below: - Mod.DH] .......................................dh/msp/dk *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-promed@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Mon Jul 12 08:49:17 2004 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:14:05 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Regulated plant pests, detection, May 2004: EPPO Message-ID: <37u0wdffh1.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> REGULATED PLANT PESTS, DETECTION, MAY 2004: EPPO ************************************************ A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 22 Jun 2004 From: ProMED-mail Source: European Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), Reporting Service 2004, No. 05 [edited] 2004/081 EPPO report on notifications of non-compliance (detection of regulated pests) ----------------------------------------------- The EPPO Secretariat has gathered the notifications of non-compliance, for 2004, received since the previous report (EPPO RS 2004/055) from the following countries: Algeria, Austria, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Guernsey, Ireland, Italy, Jersey, Netherlands, Poland, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. When a consignment has been re-exported, and the country of origin is unknown, the re-exporting country is indicated in brackets. When the occurrence of a pest in a given country is not known to the EPPO Secretariat, this is indicated by an asterisk (*). The EPPO Secretariat has selected notifications of non-compliance made because of the detection of regulated pests. Other notifications of non-compliance due to prohibited commodities and/or missing, or invalid, certificates are not indicated. It must be pointed out that the report is only partial, as many EPPO countries have not yet sent their notifications. Pest / Consignment / Type of commodity / Country of origin / C. of destination / nb Bacterial pathogens: _Clavibacter michiganensis_ subsp. _michiganensis_ / _Lycopersicon esculentum_ / Seeds / India / France / 3 _Clavibacter michiganensis_ subsp. _sepedonicus_ / _Solanum tuberosum_ / Ware potatoes / Poland / Slovenia / 23 _Ralstonia solanacearum_ [Rs] / _Solanum tuberosum_ / Ware potatoes / Bangladesh / United Kingdom / 1 Rs / _Solanum tuberosum_ / Ware potatoes / Egypt / Greece / 1 Rs / _Solanum tuberosum_ / Ware potatoes / Egypt / Italy / 1 Rs / _Solanum tuberosum_ / Ware potatoes / Egypt / Netherlands / 5 Rs / _Solanum tuberosum_ / Ware potatoes / Egypt / United Kingdom / 2 Rs / _Solanum tuberosum_ / Seed potatoes / Netherlands / United Kingdom / 1 _Xanthomonas axonopodis_ pv. _vesicatoria_ / _Capsicum annuum_ / Seeds / China / Italy / 2 Fungal pathogens: _Fusarium_ / _Solanum tuberosum_ / Seed potatoes / Netherlands / Cyprus /1 _Helminthosporium solani_ / _Solanum tuberosum_ / Seed potatoes / Netherlands / Cyprus /1 _Spongospora subterranea_ / _Solanum tuberosum_ / Seed potatoes / Netherlands / Cyprus / 1 _Monilinia fructicola_ / _Prunus persica_ var. _nectarina_ / Fruits / Australia / France / 1 Nematode pathogens: _Ditylenchus dipsaci_ / _Allium sativum_ / Bulbs / France / Algeria / 1 _Globodera rostochiensis_ / _ Solanum tuberosum_ / Ware potatoes_ / Sweden / Finland / 1 Viral pathogens: Pepino mosaic potexvirus [PepMV] / _Lycopersicon esculentum_ / Seeds / Chile* / France / 2 PepMV / _Lycopersicon esculentum_ / Vegetables / Spain / United Kingdom / 1 PepMV / _Lycopersicon esculentum_ / Vegetables / Spain (Canary isl.) / United Kingdom / 4 Plum pox potyvirus [PPV] / _Prunus persica_ / Plants for planting / Poland / Netherlands / 1 PPV / _Prunus persica_ / Plants for planting / Serbia and Montenegro / Netherlands / 1 Source: EPPO Secretariat, 2004-04. ------------------------------ ProMED-mail [Most of the reports are concerned with bacterial pathogens (9 reports), followed by viruses (5). Note that PepMV was reported on tomato seeds from Chile which was unknown to seed producers at the time. According to the International Seed Health Initiative for Vegetable Crop's Manual of Seed Health Testing Methods Detection, testing for PepMV on seeds is a 2-stage process: an ELISA, and, a bioassay, in that order. During drying, storage, and, with disinfection treatments, the majority of seed-borne PepMV virions degrade and lose infectivity. Both infectious and non-infectious virus particles are detected in ELISA. Hence, a negative (but not a positive) ELISA result is conclusive on the seed health status of the seed lot. In the bioassay, only infectious PepMV is detected. Hence, both a negative and a positive bioassay result are conclusive on the seed health status of the lot. Authoritative reference for PepMV testing of tomato seed: - Mod.DH] .......................................dh/msp/jw *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-promed@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Mon Jul 12 08:49:11 2004 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:14:05 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Regulated plant pests, detection, March 2004: EPPO Message-ID: <37y8lpffh7.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> REGULATED PLANT PESTS, DETECTION, MARCH 2004: EPPO ************************************************** A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 9 Jul 2004 From: ProMED-mail Source: EPPO Reporting Service 2004, No. 03 [edited] 2004/055 EPPO report on notifications of non-compliance (detection of regulated pests) ----------------------------------------------- The EPPO Secretariat has gathered the notifications of non-compliance for 2003 received since the previous report (EPPO RS 2004/018) from the following countries: France, Germany, Israel and Netherlands. When a consignment has been re-exported, and the country of origin is unknown, the re-exporting country is indicated in brackets. When the occurrence of a pest in a given country is not known to the EPPO Secretariat, this is indicated by an asterisk (*). The EPPO Secretariat has selected notifications of non-compliance made because of the detection of regulated pests. Other notifications of non-compliance due to prohibited commodities, and/or missing or invalid certificates are not indicated. It must be pointed out that the report is only partial, as many EPPO countries have not yet sent their notifications. Pest / Consignment / Type of commodity / Country of origin / C. of destination / nb Bacterial pathogens: _Xanthomonas axonopodis_ pv. _vesicatoria_ / _ Capsicum annuum_ / Seeds / Poland / Germany / 1 _Clavibacter michiganensis_ subsp. _michiganensis_ / _Lycopersicon esculentum / Seeds / China* / Germany / 1 Fungal pathogens: _Fusarium_ ; _Helminthosporium solani_ ; _ Rhizoctonia solani_ ; _Spongospora subterranea_ / Solanum tuberosum_ / Seed potatoes / Scotland / Israel / 1 Nematode pathogens: _Globodera_ / _Prunus cerasus_ / Plants for planting / Poland / Netherlands / 1 Viral pathogens: Tobamovirus / _Lycopersicon esculentum_ / Seeds / China / Israel / 1 Source: EPPO Secretariat, 2004-03. NPPO of the Netherlands, 2004-03. ------------------------------ ProMED-mail [Note that _Clavibacter michiganensis_ subsp. _michiganensis_ was found in tomato seed originating in China. Strategies for avoiding the disease include pre-season sanitation of all equipment, pipes, containers etc., use of certified seed and transplants, use of available tolerant cultivars, use of seed that has been treated to inactivate the pathogen, rogue out volunteer plants and solanaceous weeds near production glasshouses, and crop rotation in tomato fields (3 years of planting non-host crops). If disease occurs in glasshouses, eradicate entire production. If disease is present in fields, use appropriate bactericides, plow down the crop and incorporate into soil for active decomposition. A useful guide for managing Cmm in tomato: - Mod.DH] ......................................dh/msp/jw *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-promed@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Mon Jul 12 08:49:01 2004 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:14:06 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Quarantine pests, survey - Bulgaria: 2001-2003 Message-ID: <373c3xgu1x.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> QUARANTINE PESTS, SURVEY - BULGARIA: 2001-2003 ********************************************** A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 9 Jul 2004 From: ProMED-mail Source: EPPO Reporting Service 2004, No. 05 [edited] 2004/077 Surveys on quarantine pests done in Bulgaria from 2001 to 2003. ----------------------------------------------- >From 2001 to 2003, official surveys were carried out in Bulgaria on the following pests: Potato pests ------------ Potato cyst nematodes: _Globodera pallida_ [Gp] and _G. rostochiensis_ [Gr] (both EPPO A2 list). >From 2001 to 2003, potato samples were analyzed for the presence of these 2 nematodes. Samples were collected as follows: - 2001: 188 samples from 1395.114 tons of imported seed potatoes; 265 soil and 164 tuber samples from 261.91 ha of seed potato production areas. - 2002: 250 samples from 2313.93 tons of imported seed potatoes; 351 soil and 146 tuber samples from 151.9 ha of seed potato production areas. - 2003: 321 samples from 2757.575 tons of imported seed potatoes, 392 soil and 201 tuber samples from 247.25 ha of seed potato production; 340 soil samples from 571.68 ha of ware potato production areas. Gp was never detected during these surveys (there had been some records in the past, see EPPO RS 98/122). Gr was found in several samples corresponding to a total area of 96 ha. On these infested plots, cultivation of seed potatoes, and any other propagation material, is prohibited. Gp: Absent, found in the past but no longer present, confirmed by survey. Gr: Present, found in a few areas (96 ha total), under official control. Other potato nematodes: _Ditylenchus destructor_ [Dd] (EU Annexes), _Meloidogyne chitwoodi_* [Mc], _M. fallax_ * [Mf] (both EPPO A2 list). >From 2001 to 2003, potato samples were analyzed for the presence of these nematodes. Samples were collected as follows: - 2001: 45 samples from 1395.114 tons of imported seed potatoes; 164 tuber samples from 261.91 ha of seed potato production areas. - 2002: 250 samples from 2313.93 tons of imported seed potatoes; 146 tuber samples from 151.9 ha of seed potato production areas. - 2003: 128 samples from 2757.575 tons of imported seed potatoes, 165 tuber samples from 247.25 ha of seed potato production. Dd: Present, found sporadically in small areas (0.5 ha in 2002). Mc, Mf: Absent, confirmed by survey. Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus and Stolbur phytoplasma (on potato). >From 2002 to 2003, ELISA were performed on 388 plant samples from 399.15 ha of seed potatoes. Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus was detected in 2 samples in 2003. Stolbur phytoplasma was found in 2 samples in 2002. Infected crops were downgraded as ware potatoes. Source: NPPO of Bulgaria, 2004-05. ------------------------------ ProMED-mail [Both Gp and Gr are at very low levels. Of all the crop pests worldwide, Gr is one of the most difficult to control. Once established, it is difficult to eradicate, because the nematodes survive for up to 30 years as eggs protected by the durable cyst wall. The strategy for limiting spread, once the potato cyst nematodes are introduced, is to integrate control measures, in particular, the use of pesticides, resistant varieties, and crop rotation. Gc can be controlled using seeds of 3 cultivars, segregating for resistance to 2 pathotypes of Glr (Ro1 and Ro2) and 2 pathotypes of Gp (Pa2 and Pa3), that have been released by Cornell University and USDA/ARS. The resistance is suitable for North American production, and was developed as a preemptive safeguard that could be used if pathotypes of Gp, which are prevalent in many other potato production areas of the world, are ever introduced into North America. The combined resistance in this germplasm is from _S. tuberosum_ ssp _andigena_ and _S. vernei_. References: - Mod.DH] .......................................dh/msp/jw *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. 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