PRO/PL> Zucchini yellow mosaic, bottlegourd - India

[Brian Edmonds]

ZUCCHINI YELLOW MOSAIC, BOTTLEGOURD - INDIA
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Date: 1 Apr 2004
From: ProMED-mail<promed at promedmail.org>
Source: American Phytopathological Society, Plant Disease Notes [edited]

1st Report of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus in Bottlegourd  in India.
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Raj Verma, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, 
Agricultural College Estate, P.O. Shivajinagar, Pune- 411 005, India; Y. S. 
Ahlawat, Plant Virology Unit, Department of Plant Pathology, Indian 
Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi- 110 012, India; S. P. S. Tomer 
and Satya Prakash, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional 
Station, Agricultural College Estate, P.O. Shivajinagar, Pune- 411 005, 
India; and R. P. Pant, Plant Virology Unit, Department of Plant Pathology, 
Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi- 110 012, India. Plant 
Dis. 88:426, 2004; published on-line as D-2004-0124-01N, 2004. Accepted for 
publication 17 Dec 2003.

In December 2002, bottlegourd (_Lagenaria siceraria_ L.) plants grown as a 
commercial crop in Pune, India (western Maharashtra) showed severe mosaic, 
interveinal chlorosis, and leaf deformation that resulted in fernleaf 
appearance and severe fruit distortion in approximately 70 percent of the 
plants. Crude sap of collected samples was used to mechanically inoculate 
uninfected glasshouse-grown bottlegourd plants that reproduced symptoms 
observed in the field.

Sap extracts from these glasshouse-infected bottlegourd plants were used to 
mechanically inoculate selected indicator hosts. Chlorotic local lesions 
were produced on _Chenopodium amaranticolor_, and systemic symptoms were 
produced on _Benincasa hispida_ (Chinese squash), _Citrullus lanatus_ 
(watermelon), _Cucumis sativus_ (cucumber), _Cucurbita moschata_ (pumpkin), 
_Luffa cylindrica_, and _Trichosanthes anguina_.

The virus was specifically identified with serological testing using direct 
antigen coating enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The virus reacted 
strongly to Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) antiserum and did not react 
to Papaya ring spot virus-P (PRSV-P), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), or 
Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) antisera. Electron microscopic examination of 
leafdip preparation from infected plants showed flexuous filamentous 
particles (720 to 760 nm long) that are typical of potyviruses.

Natural infection of bottlegourd by ZYMV has been reported in the Hawaiian 
Islands (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of this potentially 
destructive virus in bottlegourd in India.

Reference: (1) D. E. Ullman et al. Plant Dis. 75:367, 1991.

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ProMED-mail
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[ZYMV is an aphid-transmitted potyvirus that causes severe diseases in 
several cucurbit species. Symptoms include mosaic, yellowing, 
shoestringing, stunting, and fruit and seed deformations. ZYMV is 
particularly damaging to cucurbit crops in some Mediterranean countries, 
Central Europe, and the USA. Typical of aphid-transmitted viruses, it is 
extremely difficult to control with insecticides, reflective mulches, or 
mineral oils. Disease management involves use of resistant cultivars and 
control of infected weeds from which aphids can acquire the virus. 
Application of chemical insecticides is usually not economical.

Additional references:
<http://www3.res.bbsrc.ac.uk/webdpv/web/adpv.asp?dpvnum=282#diseases>
<http://www.apsnet.org/online/feature/pumpkin/zuccyell.html>
<http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/3000/3109.html>
-Mod.DH]

[see also:
2003
----
Zucchini yellow mosaic, cucumber - Poland 20031031.2711]
.......................................dh/pg/dk

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