PRO/PL> Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus - Syria

[Brian Edmonds]

CHICKPEA CHLOROTIC DWARF VIRUS - SYRIA
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Date: 1 Apr 2004
From: ProMED-mail<promed at promedmail.org>
Source: American Phytopathological Society, Plant Disease Notes [edited]

1st Report of Chickpea Chlorotic Dwarf Virus Infecting Spring Chickpea in 
Syria.
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S. G. Kumari, K. M. Makkouk, N. Attar, and W. Ghulam, Virology Laboratory, 
ICARDA, P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria; and D.-E. Lesemann, Federal 
Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for 
Plant Virology, Microbiology and Biosafety, Messeweg 11-12, D-38104 
Braunschweig, Germany. Plant Dis. 88:424, 2004; published on-line as 
D-2004-0204-01N, 2004. Accepted for publication 11 Nov 2003.

During May 2003, a high incidence of symptoms suggestive of virus infection 
in spring chickpea were observed in many fields in Al-Ghab Valley, Syria, 
the ICARDA farm (near Aleppo, Syria), as well as in other locations in 
northern Syria, including the Idleb governorate. Symptoms observed were 
yellowing, stunting, and necrosis.

A total of 1345 chickpea samples with these symptoms (331 from Al-Ghab 
Valley, 269 from the ICARDA farm, and 745 from the Idleb governorate) were 
collected and tested for the presence of 5 viruses with tissue-blot 
immunoassay (TBIA) (4) at the Virology Laboratory of ICARDA, using the 
following antisera: monoclonal antibodies for Faba [Fava?] bean necrotic 
yellows virus (FBNYV, genus _Nanovirus_) (1); Bean leafroll virus (BLRV, 
family _Luteoviridae_) (4B10) (3); Beet western yellows virus (BWYV, genus 
_Polerovirus_, family _Luteoviridae_ [ATCC PVAS-647, American Type Culture 
Collection, Manassas, VA]); and Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV, family 
_Luteoviridae_, [ATCC PVAS-650]) and polyclonal antibodies for Chickpea 
chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV, genus _Mastrevirus_, family _Geminiviridae_, 
provided by H. J. Vetten, BBA, Braunschweig, Germany).

The most common virus present was BWYV (detected in 54.1 percent of samples 
tested), followed by CpCDV (19.2 percent), BLRV (10.2 percent), and FBNYV 
(5.5 percent). SbDV was not detected in any of the samples tested. Using 
immunosorbent electron microscopy, infected chickpea samples revealed low 
numbers of geminivirus-like particles after 15 minutes of incubation on 
CpCDV antiserum-coated grids.

When CpCDV was purified from infected chickpea plants, the virus coat 
protein was 32 kDa with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel 
electrophoresis typical of CpCDV coat protein (2) and reacted strongly with 
CpCDV antiserum in western blots. The CpCDV vector in Syria was found to be 
_Orosius albicinctus_ (Distant), and is thought to be similar to _Orosius 
orientalis_ (Matsumura), the reported vector of CpCDV (2).

FBNYV, BWYV, and BLRV infections of chickpea have been previously reported 
from Syria, but to our knowledge, this is the 1st report of CpCDV infecting 
chickpea in Syria.

References:
(1) A. Franz et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 128:255, 1996.
(2) N. M. Horn et al. Ann. Appl. Biol. 122:467, 1993.
(3) L. Katul. Characterization by serology and molecular biology of bean 
leaf roll virus and faba bean necrotic yellows virus. Ph.D. thesis. 
University of Gottingen, Germany, 1992.
(4) K. M. Makkouk and A. Comeau. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 100:71, 1994.

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[CpCDV is transmitted only by specific insect vectors (_Orosius_ spp., 
family _Cicadellidae_). In addition to India and Iran, the virus has been 
reported on chickpea in Egypt and Iraq. Disease management depends upon an 
integrated pest management program (IPM). Management options include use of 
resistant host plants, biological control, suitable agronomic practices, 
and habitat management. - Mod.DH]

[see also:
2002
----
Faba bean necrotic yellows virus, pulses - Sudan 20021108.5752
Bean common mosaic, Phaseolus sp. - East Africa 20020927.5408
Soybean viruses, first reports - Iran 20020513.4189
Chickpea chlorotic dwarf, sugarbeet & bean - Iran 20020509.4138
2001
----
Chickpea & lentil viruses, first reports - Iran 20010921.2295]
.......................................dh/msp/pg/dk

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