PRO/PL> Tomato ringspot virus, grapevine - Iran: first report

[Brian Edmonds]

TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS, GRAPEVINE - IRAN: FIRST REPORT
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Date: 28 Sep 2003
From: ProMED-mail<promed at promedmail.org>
Source: British Society for Plant Pathology, New Disease Reports, Vol.8: 
Aug 2003 - Jan 2004 [edited]


Natural occurrence of Tomato ringspot virus on grapevines in Iran

R. Pourrahim <pourrahim at yahoo.com> (Plant Virology Department, Plant Pests 
and Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. P. O. Box 19395-1454, Fax: 
009821 2403691); F. Rakhshandherob (Research and Science Branch, Islamic 
Azad University, P.O. Box 14515- 775, Tehran, Iran); Sh. Farzadfara (as for 
Pourrahim); and A. R. Golnaraghib (as for Rakkshandherob). Accepted for 
publication 28 Aug 2003.

During the last few years several virus-like disease symptoms, including 
fan leaf, mosaic, leaf and vein yellowing, leaf distortion, and decline 
were observed in grapevines (_Vitis vinifera_) in Ourmia province of 
northwestern Iran; an area which produces 178 000 tonnes of grapes annually.

In a survey between May and September 2001, 348 leaf samples were collected 
from symptomatic plants of 24 grapevine gardens in Ourmia province. The 
samples were tested for the presence of 3 important grapevine nepoviruses: 
Grapevine fanleaf (GFLV), Tobacco ringspot (TRSV), and Tomato ringspot 
(ToRSV) by DAS-ELISA, using specific antisera against GFLV (No. 51318), 
TRSV (No. 51617) and ToRSV (No. 51306), (Sanofi, France).

GFLV, TRSV, and ToRSV were found in 2.6, 0.0, and 1.4% of the samples, 
respectively. Sap inoculation with extracts from the ToRSV-positive leaf 
samples induced chlorotic local lesions with systemic top necrosis in 
_Chenopodium amaranticolor_, necrotic local lesions followed by systemic 
ring pattern in _Nicotiana tabacum_, and chlorotic lesions followed by 
chlorosis in _Cucumis sativus_.

Inoculations using extracts from the GFLV-positive leaf samples induced 
mild systemic mottling and leaf malformation in _C. quinoa_ and _N. 
tabacum_ and systemic chlorosis in _C. sativus_. These symptoms are 
characteristic of TRSV and GFLV, respectively (Brunt et al., 1996) and the 
presence of the viruses was confirmed in the indicator plants by ELISA.

GFLV has previously been reported from Iran (Ghorbani, 1988; Pourrahim et 
al., 2000), but this is the first report of ToRSV in grapevines in Iran.

ToRSV can significantly affect the growth of grapevine and causes grapevine 
decline (Pearson & Goheen, 1990).

References

Brunt AA, Crabtree K, Dallwitz MJ, Gibbs AJ, Watson L, eds, 1996. Viruses 
of Plants: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE database. Wallingford, UK: 
Centre for Agricultural and Biosciences International.

Ghorbani S, 1988. Identification of grapevine fanleaf virus in Iran. 
Proceedings of the 5th International Congress of Plant Pathology, 1988. 
Kyoto, Japan: ISPP, 61.

Pourrahim R, Shahraeen N, Farzadfar Sh, Golnaraghi AR, Irani H, Amani H, 
Tanhamafi Z, Ahoonmanesh A, 2000. Infection of grapevine gardens with 
Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) in Ormia province of Iran. Proceedings of 
the First National Conference on Grape, 2000. Qazvin, Iran: Deputy of 
Horticulture Affairs, Ministry of Agriculture 16.

Pearson CR, Goheen AC, eds, 1990. Compendium of Grape Diseases. Second 
printing. St Paul, USA: The American Phytopathology Society.

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ProMED-mail
<promed at promedmail.org>

[ I suspect that the first instance of ToRSV infection in grapevine in Iran 
was by an unwitting introduction of infected planting material. Chronically 
infected grapevines tend to be asymptomatic, thus are difficult to detect 
under vineyard conditions, although productivity is reduced. 
Soil-inhabiting nematodes (_Xiphinema_ spp.) acquire the virus during 
feeding on infected plants and transmit it to roots of neighboring plants. 
Long-distance spread is by movement of virus-infected seed. - Mod.DH]

[see also:
Quarantine pests - New Data 20030713.1728
Regulated plant pests, detection, January 2003: EPPO 20030312.0607
2001
----
Tomato viruses - Tunisia 20010926.2349
1997
----
Potato viruses - Saudi Arabia 19970414.0796]
.......................................dh/pg/mpp


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