From brian at gweep.ca Tue Sep 2 10:16:52 2003 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:13:57 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Announcements 2003 (07): Canadian Plant Disease Surv. Message-ID: <37znhnxj0r.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> ANNOUNCEMENTS 2003 (07): CANADIAN PLANT DISEASE SURVEY ********************** A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 29 Aug 2003 From: ProMED-mail Source: Canadian Phytopathological Society, Canadian Plant Disease Survey, 2003 The Canadian Plant Disease Survey [CPDS] contains information on plant diseases in Canada. It may also be of special interest to our foreign readers. The Canadian Plant Disease Survey is a periodical of information and record on the occurrence and severity of plant diseases in Canada and on the assessment of losses from disease. L'inventaire des maladies des plantes au Canada est un periodique d'information sur la frequence des maladies des plantes au Canada, leur gravite, et les pertes qu'elles occasionnent. CPDS files are available from 1997 to 2003. CPDS publishes reports on diseases of cereals, oilseeds, and special crops and fruits. Access is only available in electronic format. Previous editions were published in hardcopy format and are available through libraries. The electronic editions [are in pdf format and] can be downloaded and viewed using Adobe Acrobat. To access the CPDS, see the website at: National Coordinator/Coordinateur national Dr. Robin Morrall Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0X2 Tel. (306) 966-4410 Fax (306) 966-4461 Compiler Dale MacArthur Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre 1391 Sandford Street London, ON, Canada N5X 2M8 Tel.: (519) 457-1470 Ext. 220 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ProMED-mail .......................dh/pg/dk *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . 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For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-majordomo@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Tue Sep 2 10:17:16 2003 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:13:57 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Australian grapevine viroid - Mediterranean region Message-ID: <37vfsbxj03.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> AUSTRALIAN GRAPEVINE VIROID - MEDITERRANEAN REGION ********************************* A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 30 Aug 2003 From: ProMED-mail Source: Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 85 (1), March 2003 [edited] 1st report of Australian grapevine viroid from the Mediterranean region A. Elleuch (Laboratoire de Genetique Moleculaire, Immunologie et Biotechnologie, Faculte des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire El Manar1 2092 Tunis, Tunisia), M. Marrakchi (as for Elleuch), J.P. Perreault (RNA group/Groupe ARN, Departement de biochimie, Faculte de Medecine, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada), and H. Fakhfakh (as for Elleuch). Of 5 different viroids infecting grapevines, Australian grapevine viroid (AGVd) is the least studied. Here we report the use of RT-PCR for the detection of this viroid from infected grapevines in Tunisia. RT-PCR results were confirmed by cDNA sequencing. The data presented indicate a wider geographical distribution of this viroid than previously reported and record its occurrence in Africa. The molecular variability of AGVd from 2 different cultivars, Carignan and Syrah, was studied by restriction analyses and by cDNA sequencing. Sequence variability was not clustered in any specific domain or region of the genome. This is the first report of AGVd from the Mediterranean region. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ProMED-mail [There are now at least 6 grapevine-infecting viroids (Hop stunt (HSVd), Citrus exocortis (CEVd), Grapevine yellow speckle (GYSVd 1 and 2), Australian grapevine (AGVd), and Grapevine 1B). These pathogens are ubiquitous, and unfortunately some induce ephemeral symptoms that complicate their detection. PCR-based diagnostic detection systems are now available for some of them. AGVd appears to be the result of recombination between nucleotide sequences in PSTVd, CEVd, Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd), and GYySVD-1. Interestingly, Vein banding disease in grapevine results from the synergistic interaction between grapevine viroids and Grapevine fanleaf nepovirus. There is evidence that some viroids are seed- and pollen-transmitted in grapevine. Disease management requires the planting of viroid-free planting stock, sterilization of pruning tools, and eradication of infected vines. - Mod.DH] [see also: 2002 ---- Grapevine viroids - Turkey (E. Mediterranean) 20020901.5215] .......................................dh/pg/dk *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-majordomo@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Thu Sep 4 10:30:06 2003 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:13:57 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Beet pseudoyellows virus, melon - Italy: first report Message-ID: <37oey0ldo1.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> BEET PSEUDOYELLOWS VIRUS, MELON - ITALY: FIRST REPORT ***************************************************** A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 3 Sep 2003 From: ProMED-mail Source: Journal Plant Pathology 2003; 85(1), March [edited] Yellowing disease of melon in Sardinia (Italy) caused by beet pseudoyellows virus ---------------------------------------------- L Tomassoli , V Lumia, M Barba (Istituto Sperimentale per la Patologia vegetale, via CG Bertero 22, I-00156 Roma, Italy), GF Siddu (ERSAT - Centro Zonale di Arborea, Corso Italia 2, I-09092 Arborea (CA), Italy). In 2001, a disease of melon characterized by leaf yellowing was observed in Sardinia (Italy), where it caused severe damage. Samples collected from several melon crops were positive in single step reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays for beet pseudoyellows virus (BPYV) when specific primers were used. An amplicon of the same size as that from BPYV controls (450 bp) was obtained from 14 out of 20 samples tested and had 98.4 per cent nucleotide sequence identity with an authentic BPYV sequence. This is the first experimental evidence of a yellowing disease caused by BPYV in Italian melon crops. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ProMED-mail [This piece is posted as a record of occurrence of BPYV in Sardinia. According to Laura Tomassoli, BPYV infected melon crops in glasshouses (_Cucumis melo_ var. _reticulatus_) and in open fields for the cultivation of winter melon (_C. melo_ var. _inodorus_). 50 per cent of the visited farms in the area of Cagliari were infected. BPYV is transmitted in the semi-persistent manner by the greenhouse whitefly (_Trialeurodes vaporariorum_; _Aleyrodidae_). The host range of BPYV includes several crop species such as beet (_Beta vulgaris_), lettuce (_Lactuca sativa_), endive (_Cichorium endiva_), shepherd's purse (_Capsella bursa-pastoris__), cucumber (_Cucumis sativus_), dandelion (_Taraxacum officinale_), and poison hemlock (_Conium maculatum_). These plants are natural hosts of BPYV, and I would not be surprised if the virus were to become established in one or more of these plant species. The virus is reported in Australia (Tasmania), France, Japan, the Netherlands, and the USA (California). I thank Laura Tomassoli for providing information on the extent of the BPYV outbreak. - Mod.DH] [see also: 2001 --- Beet pseudoyellows virus, cucumber - New Zealand 20011116.2823] ....................dh/pg/sh *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-majordomo@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Fri Sep 5 14:28:39 2003 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:13:57 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Pepino mosaic virus, tomato, new strain - Europe Message-ID: <37n0djasjs.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> PEPINO MOSAIC VIRUS, TOMATO, NEW STRAIN - EUROPE ********************************* A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 4 Aug 2003 From: ProMED-mail Source: European and Mediterranean Plan Protection Organisation (EPPO) Reporting Service 2003, No. 7 [edited] 2003/106 European tomato isolates belong to a distinct strain of pepino mosaic potexvirus ------------------------------------------------------------- In 1999, a new virus disease of tomato was found in protected tomato crops in the Netherlands and then in other European countries. Preliminary studies revealed the presence of pepino mosaic potexvirus (PepMV - EPPO alert list), a virus which was originally described from pepino (_Solanum muricatum_) in Peru (found in 2 tomato crops in 1974 and then no longer observed). The virus was purified, and an antiserum was produced that reacted strongly with the isolates from tomato and the type isolate from pepino. Various diagnostic tests indicated that PepMV differed from all other known potexviruses reported from solanaceous crops (potato aucuba mosaic virus and potato virus X). The type isolate from pepino in Peru and 3 others from tomato collected in the Netherlands, Germany, and United Kingdom were further studied. Serological tests (IEM, DAS-ELISA) could not differentiate between them. Molecular tests confirmed the results of host range and symptomatological studies (mechanical inoculation) that tomato PepMV isolates differed from the pepino isolate. Pepino mosaic potexvirus is considered the causal agent of the new disease observed in tomatoes in Europe, and that European tomato isolates differ from the type strain found on pepino. The authors designated the new strain as the tomato strain of PepMV. Source: Van der Vlugt RAA, Cuperus C, Vink J, Stijger ICMM, Lesemann DE, Verhoeven JTJ, Roenhorst JW. Identification and characterization of Pepino mosaic potexvirus in tomato. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 2002; 32(3): 503-8. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ProMED-mail [According to Van der Vlugt, pepino mosaic is still present in glasshouse production systems in the Netherlands, but is under control and is not a serious problem. Whether it is present in outside production systems is unknown; but if it is present, it will probably be in home gardens. In addition to the Netherlands, the disease has been reported from Germany, UK, Belgium, France, and Spain. In most of these countries it is under control or has been eradicated. Unfortunately, pepino mosaic is present in outdoor tomato production areas in Spain, where it causes serious crop loss in localized areas. Results of studies (symptoms on plant indicator hosts and percent homology in a 547-bp PCR fragment derived from the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene) all of 15 PepMV isolates from countries within Europe and elsewhere are considered members of the same strain, designated as the tomato strain of PepMV. Moreover, the high similarity between the various isolates suggests that the outbreaks in Europe likely originated from a common locus. The prevailing assumption is that PepMV was brought to Europe from South America by unknown means. Pepino mosaic is difficult to manage. Disease management in glasshouse production systems requires strict application of phytosanitary measures (use of virus-free seed and transplants, sterilization of equipment and facilities, and disinfection of circulated irrigation water). An additional reference: . I sincerely thank Rene Van der Vlugt for sharing his experience and knowledge about this disease. - Mod.DH] [see also: Pepino mosaic virus, tomato - Germany (Sachsen) 20030218.0418 2002 --- Pepino mosaic virus, wild plants - Peru 20020604.4394 2001 --- Pepino mosaic potexvirus, natural hosts - Spain 20011231.3141 Pepino mosaic potexvirus, tomato - Spain 20011231.3140 Pepino mosaic potexvirus, tomato - Germany 20011207.2970 Pepino mosaic virus, tomato - North America 20011016.2539 Pepino mosaic virus, tomato - Finland 20010916.2240 Pepino mosaic potexvirus, tomato - Italy 20010519.0979 Pepino mosaic potexvirus, tomato survey - EU 20010517.0958 2000 --- Pepino mosaic potexvirus, tomatoes - Spain 20001013.1750 Pepino mosaic virus, tomato - Netherlands 20000622.1023 Pepino mosaic potexvirus - France (Guipavas) 20000505.0687 Pepino mosaic potexvirus: added to EPPO alert list 20000208.0180] .....................dh/pg/sh *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-majordomo@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Tue Sep 9 16:21:52 2003 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:13:57 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Potato spindle tuber viroid, tomato - United Kingdom Message-ID: <37pti9ob5r.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> POTATO SPINDLE TUBER VIROID, TOMATO - UNITED KINGDOM ********************************* A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 9 Sep 2003 From: ProMED-mail Source: EPPO Reporting Service 2003, No. 7 [edited] 2003/100 Potato spindle tuber pospiviroid found in tomatoes in United Kingdom The United Kingdom NPPO informed the EPPO Secretariat that an outbreak of Potato spindle tuber pospiviroid [PSTVd] (EPPO A2 list) was very recently discovered in a tomato production glasshouse in southeast England. Investigations are under way to ascertain its extent and the possible pathway for the introduction of the pathogen. Phytosanitary measures are also being designed to prevent any further spread of the pest and possibly eradicate it. More information will be provided in due course. Source: NPPO of United Kingdom, 11 Jul 2003. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ProMED-mail [This is the first confirmed instance of PSTVd infection in the UK. It had previously been reported from potato (France) and tomato (Netherlands). PSTVd can reduce yields by as much as 65 and 50% in potato and tomato, respectively. Other natural hosts include pepino (_Solanum muricatum_), avocado (_Persea americana_), and a range of solanaceous crops. Results of studies on several viroids including PSTVd and the Mexican papita viroid (MPVd), found in 1982 in symptomlessly infected _Solanum cardiophyllum_ in Aguascalientes state, suggest that MPVd may be the putative ancestor of crop viroids. PSTVd was reported in the 1930's to be transmitted by chewing insects (aphids, grasshoppers, flea beetles, tarnished plant bug, leaf beetle, and Colorado potato beetle). MPVd, present in symptomlessly infected solanaceous plants, may have been transferred by such insects to breeding plots and commercial potato crops. Reference - Mod.DH] [see also: Potato spindle tuber, tomato - Australia: eradication 20030804.1913 Potato spindle tuber, tomato - Australia (NSW) (02) 20030620.1516 Potato spindle tuber viroid, eradication - France 20030814.2021 Potato spindle tuber viroid - Canada: eradication 20030806.1928 Potato spindle tuber, tomato - Australia (NSW) 20030618.1506 2002 ---- Potato spindle tuber viroid, potato - France 20021011.5520 2001 ---- Potato spindle tuber viroid, tomatos - Australia 20010622.1186 Potato spindle tuber viroid - New Zealand 20010314.0514 2000 ---- Potato spindle tuber viroid - Costa Rica 20000221.0236] ....................dh/pg/mpp *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-majordomo@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Wed Sep 10 14:24:07 2003 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:13:57 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> EPPO Alert List: new listings (06) Message-ID: <37brtsie8p.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> EPPO ALERT LIST: NEW LISTINGS (06) ********************************* A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 9 Sep 2003 From: ProMED-mail Source: EPPO Reporting Service 2003, No. 7 [edited] 2003/109 New disease of tomato in Israel caused by a strain of Tomato apical stunt pospiviroid: addition to the EPPO Alert List In spring and summer 1999 and 2000, tomato plants showing stunting, leaf deformation, yellowing, and brittleness were observed in a few commercial plastic houses at different locations in the coastal region of Israel. Fruits were considerably reduced in size with a pale red discoloration. In all cases, the disease spread rapidly mainly along plant rows, resulting in a disease incidence of nearly 100 percent and heavy yield losses. Molecular assays revealed the presence of Tomato apical stunt pospiviroid (TASVd) in diseased tomato plants. TASVd was first found and characterized in Ivory Coast, but no data was given on its epidemiology or economic impact. Another strain was found in Indonesia, but again without data on potential economic impact. Cloning and sequencing of viroid RNA showed that the Israeli strain has 92 percent identity with the type strain (Ivory Coast) and 99 percent with the Indonesian strain. The experimental host range and symptomatology of the Israeli strain also differed from those of the type stain. Under experimental conditions, the Israeli strain of TASVd was readily transmitted from infected to healthy tomato plants by grafting or mechanical inoculation. Further studies are needed on possible pollen or seed transmission. Tomato apical stunt pospiviroid (a new disease of tomato) Tomato apical stunt pospiviroid (TASVd) came to our attention because it is reported as a new and serious disease of tomatoes in Israel. Found in Israel (on tomatoes _Lycopersicon esculentum_ grown under plastic houses in the coastal region). TASVd was first described in Ivory Coast, and another strain was reported from Indonesia. However, data is lacking on the extent, severity, and economic impact of the diseases it may cause. Data on its host range is lacking. Affected tomato plants in Israel showed shortened internodes (bushy appearance), leaf deformation and yellowing, reduced fruit size, and pale red discoloration of fruit. Up to 100 percent disease incidence could be observed with heavy yield losses. Transmission is by grafting from infected to healthy tomato plants or by mechanical inoculation (in experimental conditions). No data on pollen or seed transmission. Common route of infection is by planting of tomatoes, fruits? obtained from countries where TASVd occurs. Tomato is an important crop in the EPPO region, both indoors and outdoors. Data is lacking on geographical distribution, host range, and epidemiology of TASVd. Control of viroids is difficult in practice, and it would be desirable to avoid any further spread of a potentially serious disease of tomatoes. Source(s) Antignus, Y.; Lachman, O.; Pearlsmand, M.; Gofman, R.; Bar-Joseph, M. (2002) A new disease of greenhouse tomatoes in Israel caused by a distinct strain to Tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd). Phytoparasitica, 30(5), 502-510. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ProMED-mail [There are 2 known TASVd strains infecting tomato: the type strain (TASVd-Ivory Coast) and one from Indonesia. Both cause significant crop loss. The genomes of the 2 viroids are very similar (99.7 percent identity) despite their distant geographic origins. A third strain, isolated from _Solanum pseudocapsicum_ [Jeusalem cherry], does not occur naturally in tomato but can infect tomato by mechanical inoculation. Additional reference: - Mod.DH] [see also: EPPO alert list: new listings (05) 20030814.2022 ......................dh/pg *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-majordomo@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Sat Sep 13 21:16:06 2003 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:13:57 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Regulated plant pests, detection, July 2003: EPPO Message-ID: <374qzg12mi.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> REGULATED PLANT PESTS, DETECTION, JULY 2003: EPPO ********************************* A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseasesh Date: 12 Sep 2003 From: ProMED-mail Source: EPPO Reporting Service 2003, No. 7 [edited] 2003/112 EPPO report on notifications of non-compliance (detection of regulated pests) The EPPO Secretariat has gathered the notifications of non-compliance for 2003 received since the previous report (EPPO RS 2003/082) from the following countries: Algeria, Austria, Denmark, France, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom. When a consignment has been re-exported and the country of origin is unknown, the re-exporting country is indicated in brackets. When the occurrence of a pest in a given country is not known to the EPPO Secretariat, this is indicated by an asterisk (*). The EPPO Secretariat has selected notifications of non-compliance made because of the detection of regulated pests. Other notifications of non-compliance due to prohibited commodities, missing or invalid certificates are not indicated. It must be pointed out that the report is only partial, as many EPPO countries have not yet sent their notifications. Pest Consignment Type of commodity Country of origin C. of destination nb Bacteria: _Erwinia amylovora_, Malus domestica_, Plants for planting, Syria*, Algeria, 1 _Ralstonia solanacearum_, _Solanum tuberosum, Ware potatoes, Egypt, Germany, 1 _Solanum tuberosum_ Ware potatoes, Egypt, Netherlands, 2 _Xanthomonas axonopodis_ pv. _citri_, _Citrus maxima_ Fruits, Thailand, France, 1 _Xanthomonas axonopodis_ pv. _phaseoli_, _Phaseolus vulgaris_, Seeds, Hungary, Germany,1 Nematodes: _Globodera_, _Solanum tuberosum_, Ware potatoes, Cyprus, Germany, 1 _Globodera pallida_, _Solanum tuberosum_, Ware potatoes, Cyprus, Germany, 2 _Solanum tuberosum_, Ware potatoes, United Kingdom, Hungary, 2 _Globodera rostochiensis_, Solanum tuberosum_, Ware potatoes, Cyprus, Norway, 1 _Solanum tuberosum_, Ware potatoes, Italy, Austria, 2 _Solanum tuberosum_, Ware potatoes, Italy, Ireland, 6 _Solanum tuberosum_, Seed potatoes, Netherlands, Germany, 1 _Solanum tuberosum_, Ware potatoes, United Kingdom, Hungary, 1 _Globodera rostochiensis_, _Solanum tuberosum_, Ware potatoes, Cyprus, Norway, 1 _Solanum tuberosum_, Ware potatoes, Italy, Austria, 2 _ Solanum tuberosum_, Ware potatoes, Italy, Ireland, 6 _ Solanum tuberosum_, Seed potatoes, Netherlands, Germany, 1 _Solanum tuberosum_, Ware potatoes, United Kingdom, Hungary, 1 Viruses Citrus tristeza closterovirus, _Citrus_, Plants for planting, Italy, Malta, 1 Pepino mosaic potexvirus, _Lycopersicon esculentum_, Seeds, Chile*, France, 3 _Lycopersicon esculentum_, Vegetables, Netherlands, Sweden, 2 _Lycopersicon esculentum_, Vegetables, Netherlands, United Kingdom, 2 Source: EPPO Secretariat, 2003-07. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ProMED-mail [Interceptions of regulated plant pests is an extremely important component of international trade. Cross-border traffic is subjected to a variety of control procedures, all of which are designed to prevent specific pathogens from entering countries that are free of regulated pathogens. Countries such as Australia and New Zealand, which are far removed from many pathogens that are found in the Americas and Europe, have very strict rules and regulations, which they exercise with considerable vigor. It goes without saying that there are always those individuals who will take it upon themselves to smuggle plants and seeds, and that seems to be part of the game for such unscrupulous individuals. This piece is probably a good example of the reported interceptions; the question is, what was not detected? The plethora of nematode interceptions is surprising; of the 13 interceptions on potato, 10 were on ware (table) potatoes and 3 for seed potatoes. Infested/infected seed potatoes are especially serious, because if not detected, the basis of the seed potato industry in the recipient country could be at risk. The bacterial and viral pathogens noted in this report illustrate the need for close examination of plants and seeds. 2 pathogens, Pepino mosaic potexvirus [PepMV ]and _Xanthomonas axonopodis_ pv. _phaseoli_ [Xap] in bean, both seed-borne, are reported here and were likely identified by serological or molecular tests. PepMV is found on the surface of infested seeds and is extremely contagious, as is Xap. The 2 interception reports -- which reported pathogens not known to occur in the affected recipient countries -- illustrate the need for rapid alerting of plant protection agencies in all countries. - Mod.DH] ...................dh/pg *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-majordomo@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Tue Sep 16 10:23:09 2003 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:13:57 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Plant pests, new data, EPPO (04) Message-ID: <37vfrsitxu.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> PLANT PESTS, NEW DATA, EPPO (04) ********************************* A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 11 Sep 2003 From: ProMED-mail Source: European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) Reporting Service 2003, No. 7 [edited] 2003/099 New data on quarantine pests and pests of the EPPO Alert List ---------------------------------------------------------------------- By browsing through the literature, the EPPO Secretariat has extracted the following new data concerning quarantine pests and pests included on the EPPO Alert List. New geographical records: Serbia & Montenegro ------------------- Specimens of _Globodera rostochiensis_ [Gr] (EPPO A2 list) were found in potato roots at Jadognja (Krupanj) and Ponikve (Uzice), in soil samples at Aljinovici (Prijepolje), and in storehouse potato debris at Kusici. This is considered as the first record of Gr in Serbia and Montenegro (Krnjaic et al, 2002). Present, first reported in 2002 in the west part of the country. India ----- In India, _Heterodera glycines_ [Hg] (EPPO A2 list, also on the EPPO Alert List) was identified on soil samples collected from soybean fields in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh. This is the first report of Hg in India (Kaushal et al, 2002). Present, first reported in 2002 in Madhya Pradesh. South Africa ------------ _Meloidogyne fallax_ [Mf] (EPPO A2 list) is reported for the first time in South Africa (Fourie et al, 2001). This confirms earlier reports. Present, no details. Burkina Faso ------------ _Radopholus similis_ [Rs] occurs on banana in Burkina Faso (Sawadogo et al., 2001). Present, no details. Indonesia --------- In 2003, a breeding company submitted samples of tomato originating from Indonesia for diagnosis. Diseased samples collected from field and protected crops, showed severe chlorosis. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed the presence of tomato infectious chlorosis [closterovirus] [TICV] (EPPO Alert List). This is the first report of TICV in Indonesia (Verhoeven et al., 2003). Present, no details. Detailed records: Argentina --------- In Argentina, _Nacobbus aberrans_ [Na] (EPPO A1 list) was found in Rio Negro and Santa Fe provinces for the first time (Chaves & Torres, 2001). Spain ------ Studies were done in 2001 on the incidence of tomato yellow leaf curl begomovirus (TYLCV) and tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia begomovirus (TYLCV-Sar - both on the EPPO A2 list) in tomato crops in Comunidad Valenciana, Spain. TYLCV was found in all tomato-growing areas, whereas TYLCV-Sar was only detected in 2 plants near Elche, in the south of Comunidad Valenciana (Rubio et al, 2002). Source: Chaves E, Torres MS. [Potato parasitic nematodes in the seed potato producing areas of Argentina.] Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia (Universidad de Buenos Aires) 2001: 21(3): 245-59. In: Nematological Abstracts 72(1), March 2003, abst. 85, p 12. Fourier H, Zijlstra C, McDonald AH. Identification of root-knot nematode species occurring in South Africa using the SCAR-PCR technique. Nematology 2001; 3(7): 675-80. In: Nematological Abstracts 71(3), September 2002, abst. 1335, p 193. Kaushal KK, Tiwari SP, Uma R. Heterodera glycines in India first report. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 2002; 10(2): 410. In: Nematological Abstracts 72(1), March 2003, abst. 497, p 73. Krnjaic D, Lamberti F, Krnjaic S, Bacic J, Calic R. First report of the potato cyst nematode (_Globodera rostochiensis_) in Yugoslavia. Nematologia Mediterranea 2002; 30(1): 11-2. In: Nematological Abstracts 71(4), December 2002, abst. 1541, p 224. Rubio L, Font I, Jorda C, Serra J, Duran N, Moreno P, et al. Incidencia de los virus del rizado amarillo del tomate en cultivos de tomate de la Comunidad Valenciana, Espana. Boletin de Sanidad Vegetal Plagas 2002; 28(4): 599-607. Sawadogo A, Thio B, Konate YR, Kiemde S. Parasite nematodes of banana in western Burkina Faso. Infomusa 2001; 10(2): 28-9. In: Nematological Abstracts 71(4), December 2002, abst. 1560, p 226. Verhoeven JTJ, Willemen TM, Roenhorst JW, van der Vlugt RAA. First report of Tomato infectious chlorosis virus in tomato in Indonesia. Plant Disease 2003; 87(7): 872. NPPO of Finland, 2003-07-07. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ProMED-mail [Gr (golden nematode or potato cyst nematode) is found worldwide and is common on potato and other crops. Losses due to nematode feeding can be extensive (20 to 70 per cent). Hg was introduced into the EPPO region in 2000 in Lombardia, Italy. It is also found in several Asian countries, Egypt, and North and South America. Soybean is its major host. Hg interacts with the brown stem rot pathogen _Phialophora gregata_ and _Fusarium solani_, causing sudden death syndrome of soybean. Rs is a serious pathogen of banana and citrus, causing crop losses ranging from 5 to 100 per cent. Crop losses have been reported for Mf (False Columbia root-knot nematode) in potato (up to 65 per cent) and bean (35 per cent). The nematode is a problem in potato production in the Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany. General management strategies for nematode-induced diseases include planting resistant cultivars where available, crop rotation, incorporating soil amendments (chicken manure, compost), solarization (heating of soil under clear plastic tarps), and nematocides. I apologize for the lack of diacritic marks on the proper names and names of towns in this piece. I have provided them without the marks as some email programs fail to recognize them. - Mod.DH] [see also: Soybean cyst nematode - USA (Arkansas) 20030709.1678 Sudden death syndrome, soybean - Argentina 20030412.0886 Sudden death syndrome, soybean - USA (MN) 20030328.0776 2002 --- Potato cyst nematode, potato - Czech Republic 20021228.6141 Potato cyst nematode, potato - Hungary 20021012.5538 Heterodera glycines, soybean - Europe: alert 20020802.4914 Potato nematodes, potato - Czech Republic 20020106.3168 2001 --- Meloidogyne fallax, potato, first record - Australia 20011227.3118] ........................dh/pg/sh *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-majordomo@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Thu Sep 18 10:24:43 2003 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:13:57 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Tobacco streak virus, cucumber - India: first report Message-ID: <37y8wm12ut.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> TOBACCO STREAK VIRUS, CUCUMBER - INDIA: FIRST REPORT ********************************* A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 17 Sep 2003 From: ProMED-mail Source: American Phytopathological Society, PLANT DISEASE NOTES Outbreak of tobacco streak virus causing necrosis of cucumber (_Cucumis sativus_) and gherkin (_Cucumis anguria_) in India. M Krishnareddy, Devaraj, Lakshmi Raman, Salil Jalali, DK Samuel, Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore-560089, India. Plant Dis 2003; 87: 1264; published online as D-2003-0804-03N, 2003. Accepted for publication 6 Jun 2003. Cucumber (_Cucumis sativus_ L.) and gherkin (_Cucumis anguria_ L.) are important cucurbitaceous vegetables grown in India for slicing and pickling. During the 2000 to 2002 rainy season and summer, a new viral disease, causing yield losses of 31 to 75 per cent in Bangalore, Bellary, Davanagiree, and Tumkur districts of Karnataka State, infected cucumber and gherkin. Symptoms were tip necrosis characterized by necrotic lesions on leaves, and a general leaf and stem necrosis extending to mid veins, petioles, flower buds, and tip, eventually resulting in die-back of vines. Tissue extracts from symptomatic leaves of cucumber and gherkin were mechanically inoculated on several herbaceous indicator plants (cowpea, cucumber, pepper, Zinnia, watermelon, _Chenopodium amaranticolor_, sunflower, _Nicotiana glutinosa_, _N. tabacum_, and _Gomphrena globosa_). On most hosts, symptoms of chlorotic or necrotic lesions followed by mottle or systemic necrosis were observed. Back-inoculation from the symptomatic indicator plants onto cucumber and gherkin resulted in symptoms typical of those observed in the field. Electron microscopic examination of leaf-dip preparation and ultra-thin sections of virus infected plant samples showed the presence of isometric particles 25 to 28 nm in diameter. Similar types of particles were observed when infected samples were trapped in immunosorbent electron microscopy with polyclonal antibodies specific to tobacco streak ilarvirus (TSV) but not to watermelon silver mottle tospovirus (WSMoV). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay tests using leaf extracts of field-collected samples and sap-inoculated plants showed positive reaction to antibodies of TSV (1) but not to antibodies of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus, WSMoV, watermelon bud necrosis tospovirus, papaya ringspot potyvirus W strain, and zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of RNA extracts of infected samples of field and inoculated symptomatic plants was done by using primers derived from TSV RNA3 specific for the coat protein (CP) region of TSV (2). A 800-bp specific DNA fragment was amplified from infected cucumber and gherkin but not from healthy control plants. Sequence analysis of cloned PCR fragments revealed nucleotide identities of 99 per cent with TSV isolates from cotton, mungbean, sunnhemp, and sunflower (GenBank Accessions Nos. AF515824, AF515823, AF515825, and AY061929) and 88 per cent with TSV-WC (GenBank Accession No. X00435). On the basis of host range, serological relationship, electron microscopy, and sequence analysis of the CP region, the virus was identified as a strain of TSV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of natural occurrence of TSV on cucumber and gherkin in India. References: (1). AI Bhat, et al. Arch Virol 2002; 147: 651. (2). BJC Cornelissen, et al. Nucleic Acids Res 1984; 12: 2427. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ProMED-mail [TSV is transmitted by several species of thrips (genera _Frankliniella_ and _Thrips_). I could not find any reference to TSV naturally infecting cucurbits, so this report may be the first ProMED-Plant report of natural infection of cucurbits by TSV. According to the VIDE data base, _Dahlia_ spp., _Gossypium herbaceum_ [levant cotton], _Melilotus alba_ [white sweet clover], _Trifolium pratense_ [white clover], _Phaseolus vulgaris_[common bean], and _Glycine max_ [soybean] are natural hosts. 2 cucurbit species (_Cucumis sativa_ [cucumber] and _Capsicum frutescens_[chili pepper]) are susceptible to experimental transmission. In 2000, TSV caused significant damage (USD 200 million) to sunflower and groundnut in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka states. This is the third ProMED-mail report of the virus causing disease in India, and thus it may be an emerging pathogen. Disease management would be difficult in open-field production systems. Presumably genetic resistance would be a viable option, but I don't have any information on that point. Perhaps our readers in India may have some comments. - Mod.DH] [see also: 2001 --- Tobacco streak disease, peanut - India 20011118.2839 Tobacco streak virus, sunflower - India 20010830.2057] ......................dh/pg/sh *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-majordomo@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Thu Sep 18 14:36:52 2003 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:13:58 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Blackleg, canola - Canada (Manitoba) Message-ID: <37k785ygt7.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> BLACKLEG, CANOLA - CANADA (MANITOBA) ********************************* A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 17 Sep 2003 From: ProMED-mail Source: American Phytopathological Society, PLANT DISEASE NOTES [edited] First Report on the Presence of _Leptosphaeria maculans_ Pathogenicity Group-3, the Causal Agent of Blackleg of Canola, in Manitoba. WGD Fernando, Y Chen, Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Plant Dis 2003; 87: 1268, published online as D-2003-0808-02N, 2003. Accepted for publication 23 Jul 2003. Blackleg, caused by _Leptosphaeria maculans_ (Desmaz.) Ces. & De Not. (anamorph = _Phoma lingam_) (Tode:Fr.) Desmaz.), is an economically important and serious disease of canola (_Brassica napus_ L.) in Australia, Europe, and Canada. _L. maculans_ isolates can be categorized into four pathogenicity groups (PGs) on the basis of the interaction phenotypes (IP) on the differential canola cvs. Westar, Glacier, and Quinta (1) by using a standard screening protocol in the greenhouse. PG1 isolates are weakly virulent, and PG2, PG3, and PG4 isolates are highly virulent. In Manitoba, [the] _L. maculans_ population consists mainly of PG2 (virulent on cv. Westar; avirulent on cvs. Glacier and Quinta) and a few PG1 isolates (avirulent on all three differentials). The Oilseed Pathology Lab in the Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba examines the pathogenic variability of blackleg isolates obtained from Manitoba each year. In 2002, the blackleg-resistant cv. Q2, was found to be severely infected in Roland, Manitoba. The canola stubble collected from a coop trial plot (Roland, Manitoba) and a farm in East Selkirk (60 km northeast of Winnipeg, Manitoba) was isolated for the blackleg fungus. Small pieces of stubble were cut from the pseudothecia-forming section and surface-sterilized with 1 per cent sodium hypochlorite solution for 3 to 5 min and then rinsed in sterile distilled water. V8 agar medium containing 1 per cent streptomycin sulphate was used to culture the isolates under continuous cool-white fluorescent light for 14 days. Pure cultures of the pathogen were isolated and characterized as _L. maculans_ by means of colony morphology, pycnidia, and microscopic observations of pycnidiospores. Pycnidiospores that formed on V8 plates were flooded with 10 ml of sterile distilled water and then harvested by filtering through sterilized Miracloth and kept at -20 deg C. The isolates were passed once through cv. Westar to maintain their virulence. The PG test was performed with the 3 differential cultivars. 2 additional cultivars, Q2 (resistant to PG2 isolates) and Defender (moderately resistant to PG2 isolates), were included for comparisons. 12 cotyledons of each differential cultivar (7 days old) grown in Metro Mix were wound-inoculated with a 10-microliter droplet of pycnidiospore suspension (10 000 000 pycnidiospores per ml). Inoculated cotyledons were maintained in the greenhouse (16/21 deg C night/day and a 16-h photoperiod). The experiment was repeated twice. Disease severity on cotyledons was assessed 12 days postinoculation by using a 0 to 9 scale (2). All five isolates from Roland and East Selkirk were highly virulent on Glacier (6.4 to 7.7), Q2 (7.1 to 8.2), and Defender (7.2 to 8.4), but intermediately virulent on Quinta (4.5 to 5.4). This clearly indicated that these isolates were of PG3. Isolates of PG2 have been predominant in Manitoba for the past 25 years, and highly virulent isolates belonging to PG3 had not been detected previously. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of PG3 in _L. maculans_ in Manitoba. References: (1) A Mengistu, et al. Plant Dis 1991; 75: 1279. (2) PH Williams. Crucifer Genetics Cooperatives (CrGC) Resource Book. University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1985. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ProMED-mail [_Leptosphaeria maculans_ [Lm] causes the most important disease of canola worldwide, especially prevalent in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom). Disease management includes cultural control, fungicides, and genetic resistance. Weeds and volunteer canola must be controlled. Pathogen-free seed should be used. Lm survives on stubble, so fields affected by the pathogen should undergo crop rotation for at least 3 to 4 years, and new plantings should be at least 500 metres from such fields. Seed treatment with fungicides (benzimidazole, dicarboximide, and morpholine) results in almost complete elimination of seed transmission of the pathogen. Resistant cultivars are the most important and sustainable means of blackleg control, but the choice of cultivars depends upon availability and the strain of Lm in the production area. - Mod.DH] [see also: Blackleg, canola - Australia (WA, NSW, SA, VIC) 20030503.1105 Blackleg, canola - Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) 20030225.0478 2001 --- Blackleg, root infection, canola - Australia (SA, NSW) 20010819.1959 2000 --- Blackleg, canola - Australia (NSW) 20000615.0980 1999 --- Crop diseases - Canada (Manitoba) 19990816.1417] .....................dh/pg/sh *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-majordomo@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Tue Sep 23 11:38:23 2003 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:13:58 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Fusarium wilt, lettuce - USA (AZ): first report Message-ID: <3765jj9zht.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> FUSARIUM WILT, LETTUCE - USA (ARIZONA): FIRST REPORT ********************************* A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 22 Sep 2003 From: ProMED-mail Source: American Phytopathological Society, PLANT DISEASE NOTES [edited] First Report of Fusarium Wilt of Lettuce Caused by _Fusarium oxysporum_ f. sp. _lactucae_ in Arizona. M. E. Matheron, University of Arizona, Yuma Agricultural Center, Yuma 85364; and S. T. Koike, University of California Cooperative Extension, Salinas 93901. Plant Dis. 87:1265, 2003; published on-line as D-2003-0806-01N, 2003. Accepted for publication 23 Jul 2003. A new wilt and root rot disease was observed in 6 and 11 commercial fields of lettuce (_Lactuca sativa_) in western Arizona during the fall of 2001 and 2002, respectively. Distance between infested sites ranged from approximately 0.5 to 39 km. 5 head lettuce cultivars as well as a red leaf lettuce cultivar were affected. Disease symptoms included yellowing and wilting of leaves, as well as stunting and plant death. The cortex of the crown and upper root of infected plants usually was decayed and reddish brown. Disease symptoms first appeared at the time of plant thinning and continued to develop up to plant maturity. _Fusarium oxysporum_ was consistently isolated from symptomatic plant roots. Seeds of cv. Lighthouse were planted in nonsterile vermiculite within 3.0-cm-square x 7.0-cm-deep cells in a transplant tray and thinned to a single plant per cell. When the first true leaves were emerging, 10 individual seedlings were inoculated with a single-spore isolate of _F. oxysporum_ recovered from diseased lettuce root cortex tissue. Inoculum was prepared by growing the fungus on potato dextrose agar in 100-mm-diameter x 15-mm-deep plastic petri dishes at 28 deg C with a 12-h photoperiod under fluorescent light. Once the fungus completely covered the agar surface, 50 ml of sterile distilled water was added to the dish, and the mycelia and conidia on the surface were scraped off the agar and suspended in the water. This fungal suspension was decanted, and a 2-ml aliquot containing 180 000 CFU was pipetted into the vermiculite near the stem of each lettuce seedling. 10 plants grown in noninfested vermiculite served as uninoculated controls. After inoculation, plants were maintained in a growth chamber at 28 deg C with a 12-h photoperiod under fluorescent light for 3 weeks. Symptoms of yellowing, wilt, vascular decay, and often plant death developed during the incubation period on all inoculated plants but not on control plants. _Fusarium oxysporum_ was consistently reisolated from inoculated plants but not from uninoculated plants. The experiment was repeated and yielded the same results. A wilt and root rot disease of lettuce attributed to _F. oxysporum_ f. sp. _lactucae_ was first reported in Japan in 1967 (3) and subsequently in the United States (San Joaquin Valley of California) in 1993 (2), and Italy in 2002 (1). The researchers of the U.S. report did not cite the earlier work from Japan and described the pathogen as _F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucum_. The Arizona isolate used to demonstrate pathogenicity was of the same vegetative compatibility group as an isolate of the pathogen from lettuce in California reported in 1993. Several companies grow and harvest lettuce in Arizona and California. At the end of production and harvest in the fall, tractors, implements, and harvesting equipment are transported from the San Joaquin Valley in California to western Arizona. The similarity between the isolate of _F. oxysporum_ f. sp. _lactucae_ from western Arizona and the San Joaquin Valley of California suggest a possible introduction of the pathogen into Arizona from California, perhaps on soil adhering to farm equipment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of _F. oxysporum_ f. sp. _lactucae_ infecting lettuce in Arizona. References: (1) A. Garibaldi et al. Plant Dis. 86:1052, 2002. (2) J. C. Hubbard and J. S. Gerik. Plant Dis. 77:750, 1993. (3) T. Matuo and S. Motohashi. Trans. Mycol. Soc. Jpn. 8:13, 1967. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ProMED-mail [In USA, Fusarium wilt [Fw] of lettuce was first found in lettuce fields in Fresno County near Huron, CA in 1990 and subsequently in Yuma County, AZ in 2001-2002 in Watsonville, CA. Fw spores can remain in soil and infected crop material for many years. 11 new infected lettuce fields were found in the 2002-2003 season in Arizona. Scientists at the Yuma Agricultural Center have noted varietal differences in susceptibility to Fw. Crop losses were 95, 75, 60, 50, and 18 percent in head lettuce, butterhead, greenleaf, redleaf, and romaine, respectively. Gross income for head lettuce producers was $329 million dollars (US) in 2001. Recommendations for disease management include preventing spread of contaminated soil on field equipment and planting in fields known to be free of the pathogen. A search for genetic resistance to Fw has begun. - Mod.DH] [see also: 2002 ---- Fusarium wilt, lettuce - Europe 20020821.5103 Fusarium wilt, cucumber - Spain (Almerma) 20021109.5759] .......................................dh/pg/lm *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-majordomo@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Tue Sep 23 15:32:12 2003 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:13:58 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Brown rot, wine grapes - Canada: first report Message-ID: <37llsf6vj7.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> BROWN ROT, WINE GRAPES - CANADA: FIRST REPORT ********************************************* A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 22 Sep 2003 From: ProMED-mail Source: American Phytopathological Society, PLANT DISEASE NOTES [edited] First Report of Brown Rot in Wine Grapes Caused by _Monilinia fructicola_ in Canada. P. L. Sholberg and P. D. Haag, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada; and S. Hambleton and H. Boulay, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Biodiversity (Mycology and Botany), Ottawa, ON, K1A 0C6, Canada. Plant Dis. 87:1268, 2003; published on-line as D-2003- 0808-03N, 2003. Accepted for publication 30 Jul 2003. A survey was conducted in 2001 and 2002 to determine incidence of fruit pathogens in wine grapes (_Vitis vinifera_), an important crop in the southern interior of British Columbia (BC), Canada. Grape clusters were sampled every 2 weeks from June to October at 8 vineyard sites located from Osoyoos in the south to Kelowna, approximately 100 km to the north. In the laboratory, the berry clusters were surface disinfested for 0.5 min in 70 percent ethanol, followed by 1 min in 0.5 percent sodium hypochlorite, and rinsed twice in sterile distilled water. The berries were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 15 ml/liter of 85 percent lactic acid and incubated at 20 deg C for 1 week. During the 2002 survey, a fungus resembling _Monilinia fructicola_ (G. Wint.) Honey was observed sporulating on immature 'Pinot noir' grapes from Kelowna that were sampled on 14 Aug 2002. Later in the growing season, a similar fungus was detected on 'Riesling' grapes from Summerland sampled on 11 Sep. There was no evidence of brown rot near the vineyard in Kelowna, but diseased stonefruit were present near the vineyard in Summerland. Subsequent identification of the fungus from 'Riesling' as _M. fructicola_ was based on morphological characters and DNA sequence data for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal rRNA genes. The sequenced isolate was deposited in the Canadian Collection of Fungus Cultures as DAOM 231119, and the ITS sequence was accessioned in GenBank as AY289185. Colony growth on PDA was rapid and in concentric rings with the colony margin complete, microconidia abundant, and macroconidia 12 to 13 micrometers long. Macroconidia germinated with a long germ tube before branching. These characteristics distinguished this fungus from _M. laxa_, a closely related species that is slow-growing with lobed colony margins, produces few microconidia, and germ tubes that branch close to the conidium (1). The complete ITS sequence for DAOM 231119 was a 100 percent match to other sequences deposited for _M. fructicola_ (Z73777, AF010500, and U21815). On the basis of comparisons of available data, ITS sequences for _M. fructicola_ (3 complete ITS, 7 partial ITS) and _M. laxa_ (8 complete ITS, 10 partial ITS) differed consistently at 4 nucleotide positions. The fungus identified as _M. fructicola_ was tested for pathogenicity on mature surface-sterilized 'Pinot noir' and 'Riesling' grapes. Under humid conditions, buff-colored sporodochia bearing conidia developed over the surface of the infected berries. This indicates that _M. fructicola_ can cause decay of wine grapes and could be confused with bunch rot caused by _Botrytis cinerea_. Previously, _M. fructicola_ was reported on grapes in Oklahoma, but likely these grapes were not _Vitis vinifera_ (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of brown rot caused by _M. fructicola_ on wine grapes in North America. References: (1) L. R. Batra. World Species of Monilinia (Fungi): Their Ecology, Biosystematics and Control. Mycologia Memoir No. 16. Gerbr?der Borntraeger, Berlin/Stuttgart, 1991. (2) D. A. Preston. Host Index of Oklahoma Plant Diseases, Tech. Bull. No. 21. Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College, Agricultural Experiment Station, Stillwater, 1945. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ProMED-mail [This piece is essentially to report the first occurrence of _Monilinia fructicola_ [Mf] on wine grapes in Canada. It is a major pathogen on stone fruits (peaches, cherries, plums, prunes, nectarines, and apricots) and, depending on weather conditions, can cause extensive crop losses. Do any of our readers have information about Mf infecting wine grapes in other regions of the world? Please let me know. - Mod.DH] [see also: Regulated plant pests, detection, April 2003: EPPO 20030719.1770 2002 ---- Brown rot, peach - Austria 20021213.6050 Plant pathogens, intercepts, EPPO 20020717.4782 Monilinia, peaches - France 20020323.3801] .......................................dh/pg/lm *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-majordomo@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################ From brian at gweep.ca Tue Sep 30 11:18:12 2003 From: brian at gweep.ca (Brian Edmonds) Date: Sat Jan 15 17:13:58 2005 Subject: PRO/PL> Tomato ringspot virus, grapevine - Iran: first report Message-ID: <37ekxyjiuk.fsf@lios.aq2.gweep.ca> TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS, GRAPEVINE - IRAN: FIRST REPORT ********************************* A ProMED-mail post ProMED-mail is a program of the International Society for Infectious Diseases Date: 28 Sep 2003 From: ProMED-mail Source: British Society for Plant Pathology, New Disease Reports, Vol.8: Aug 2003 - Jan 2004 [edited] Natural occurrence of Tomato ringspot virus on grapevines in Iran R. Pourrahim (Plant Virology Department, Plant Pests and Diseases Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. P. O. Box 19395-1454, Fax: 009821 2403691); F. Rakhshandherob (Research and Science Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 14515- 775, Tehran, Iran); Sh. Farzadfara (as for Pourrahim); and A. R. Golnaraghib (as for Rakkshandherob). Accepted for publication 28 Aug 2003. During the last few years several virus-like disease symptoms, including fan leaf, mosaic, leaf and vein yellowing, leaf distortion, and decline were observed in grapevines (_Vitis vinifera_) in Ourmia province of northwestern Iran; an area which produces 178 000 tonnes of grapes annually. In a survey between May and September 2001, 348 leaf samples were collected from symptomatic plants of 24 grapevine gardens in Ourmia province. The samples were tested for the presence of 3 important grapevine nepoviruses: Grapevine fanleaf (GFLV), Tobacco ringspot (TRSV), and Tomato ringspot (ToRSV) by DAS-ELISA, using specific antisera against GFLV (No. 51318), TRSV (No. 51617) and ToRSV (No. 51306), (Sanofi, France). GFLV, TRSV, and ToRSV were found in 2.6, 0.0, and 1.4% of the samples, respectively. Sap inoculation with extracts from the ToRSV-positive leaf samples induced chlorotic local lesions with systemic top necrosis in _Chenopodium amaranticolor_, necrotic local lesions followed by systemic ring pattern in _Nicotiana tabacum_, and chlorotic lesions followed by chlorosis in _Cucumis sativus_. Inoculations using extracts from the GFLV-positive leaf samples induced mild systemic mottling and leaf malformation in _C. quinoa_ and _N. tabacum_ and systemic chlorosis in _C. sativus_. These symptoms are characteristic of TRSV and GFLV, respectively (Brunt et al., 1996) and the presence of the viruses was confirmed in the indicator plants by ELISA. GFLV has previously been reported from Iran (Ghorbani, 1988; Pourrahim et al., 2000), but this is the first report of ToRSV in grapevines in Iran. ToRSV can significantly affect the growth of grapevine and causes grapevine decline (Pearson & Goheen, 1990). References Brunt AA, Crabtree K, Dallwitz MJ, Gibbs AJ, Watson L, eds, 1996. Viruses of Plants: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE database. Wallingford, UK: Centre for Agricultural and Biosciences International. Ghorbani S, 1988. Identification of grapevine fanleaf virus in Iran. Proceedings of the 5th International Congress of Plant Pathology, 1988. Kyoto, Japan: ISPP, 61. Pourrahim R, Shahraeen N, Farzadfar Sh, Golnaraghi AR, Irani H, Amani H, Tanhamafi Z, Ahoonmanesh A, 2000. Infection of grapevine gardens with Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) in Ormia province of Iran. Proceedings of the First National Conference on Grape, 2000. Qazvin, Iran: Deputy of Horticulture Affairs, Ministry of Agriculture 16. Pearson CR, Goheen AC, eds, 1990. Compendium of Grape Diseases. Second printing. St Paul, USA: The American Phytopathology Society. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ProMED-mail [ I suspect that the first instance of ToRSV infection in grapevine in Iran was by an unwitting introduction of infected planting material. Chronically infected grapevines tend to be asymptomatic, thus are difficult to detect under vineyard conditions, although productivity is reduced. Soil-inhabiting nematodes (_Xiphinema_ spp.) acquire the virus during feeding on infected plants and transmit it to roots of neighboring plants. Long-distance spread is by movement of virus-infected seed. - Mod.DH] [see also: Quarantine pests - New Data 20030713.1728 Regulated plant pests, detection, January 2003: EPPO 20030312.0607 2001 ---- Tomato viruses - Tunisia 20010926.2349 1997 ---- Potato viruses - Saudi Arabia 19970414.0796] .......................................dh/pg/mpp *##########################################################* ProMED-mail makes every effort to verify the reports that are posted, but the accuracy and completeness of the information, and of any statements or opinions based thereon, are not guaranteed. The reader assumes all risks in using information posted or archived by ProMED-mail. ISID and its associated service providers shall not be held responsible for errors or omissions or held liable for any damages incurred as a result of use or reliance upon posted or archived material. ************************************************************ Visit ProMED-mail's web site at . Send all items for posting to: promed@promedmail.org (NOT to an individual moderator). If you do not give your full name and affiliation, it may not be posted. Send commands to subscribe/unsubscribe, get archives, help, etc. to: majordomo@promedmail.org. For assistance from a human being send mail to: owner-majordomo@promedmail.org. ############################################################ ############################################################